Amid Rising Pollution, India Turns to Schools for Climate Action: NCF 2023 Prioritises Environmental Education

​India’s escalating environmental challenges, particularly concerning air pollution, have reached alarming levels, posing significant threats to public health and the nation’s sustainable development. Recent data underscores the severity of the situation:​

• Widespread Air Pollution: A report by IQAir indicates that only 17% of the world’s cities meet air pollution guidelines, with countries like Chad, Congo, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India having the dirtiest air. India alone accounts for six of the nine most polluted cities, with Byrnihat being the worst. ​AP News+1The Guardian+1

• Life Expectancy Impact: Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) shortens an average Indian’s life expectancy by 5.3 years, relative to what it would be if the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 5 µg/m³ was met. In the National Capital Territory of Delhi, this figure rises to 11.9 years. ​AQLI

• Severe Smog Events: In January 2025, New Delhi experienced dense smog, significantly reducing visibility and threatening to disrupt flights. The city’s air quality index (AQI) reached 351, categorizing it as “very poor” according to India’s top pollution control body. ​Reuters

In response to these pressing environmental concerns, the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023 has strongly advocated for the inclusion of environmental education as an interdisciplinary area of study within the school curriculum. This initiative aims to instill environmental awareness and sustainable practices among students from an early age, fostering a generation equipped to tackle environmental challenges.​

Environmental education has been seamlessly integrated into various subjects across different educational stages. For instance, topics such as “Forests: Our Lifeline” in Class VII Science and “Our Environment” in Class X Science provide students with a comprehensive understanding of ecological systems and the importance of conservation. Additionally, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has developed supplementary materials, including project books and activity guides, to further enrich environmental learning.​

Beyond the classroom, initiatives like Eco Clubs have been established in schools to promote practical engagement with environmental issues. Aligned with the Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) campaign, these clubs encourage students to participate in activities such as optimizing water usage, reducing waste, recycling, and conducting plantation drives. By actively involving students in these initiatives, Eco Clubs aim to cultivate a sense of responsibility and proactive behavior towards environmental stewardship.​

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 further emphasizes the critical importance of integrating environmental awareness and sustainability principles into education. By sensitizing students to environmental and climate change concerns, the policy seeks to inculcate values, attitudes, behaviors, and skills essential for addressing environmental challenges, thereby preparing them to contribute to a sustainable future.​

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Addressing India’s environmental crisis requires a multifaceted approach, with education playing a pivotal role. By embedding environmental studies into the curriculum and fostering active participation through initiatives like Eco Clubs, schools can empower students to become informed and engaged citizens. This educational foundation is crucial for developing innovative solutions and driving collective action towards a cleaner, healthier environment for future generations.​