Education
The lunacy and the uniqueness of English is what piques our interest to keep learning this language!
The English language is a little daunting to learn for people who are learning it for the first time. You can be sure even in a lifetime it would be pretty impossible to learn all of its intricacies. But the lunacy and the uniqueness of it is what piques our interest to keep learning this language.
We should be grateful that we have been introduced to the English language from an early age. One of the most widely spoken languages in the world is a bit of a muddle, from the pronunciations, accents, word meanings and their spellings. Once the basics are in place then it’s a breeze to comprehend this language. Well almost. Most middle class families in India want their kids to be educated in an English medium school, so they have the liberty and ease to explore the world at a later time and date without having too much of a constraint on language, as most of the world knows the language English and even if they don’t know it fluently a fair amount of knowledge is present.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH
English was first brought to Britain in the mid-5th and 7th centuries AD with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain. The Tribes being The Angles, The Saxons and the Jutes. Before this invasion, Britain spoke a Celtic language. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc”, and it is from this that the words “England” and “English” were derived.
Old English
Old English doesn’t sound like the language we speak today. Even their alphabet was different. But the most common words used in modern English have roots from the language of this era. For eg. Words like be, strong and water were derived from old English. This dialect was spoken from 400 AD till about 1100 AD.
Middle English
The Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror in 1066 invaded and conquered England. With them ruling Britain they brought in a type of French that became the language of the Royal Court, the ruling and the business classes. There was a language barrier during this time where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. By the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again but with the addition of many French words. This dialect came to be known as Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer. It remained present from 1100 AD to 1500 AD.
Early Modern English
By the end of the era of Middle English there was a change in pronunciation. From 1500 AD – 1800 AD the Early Modern English came into being as the British had connections with people from all over the World. Vowels were pronounced shorter and shorter. This meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. And with the invention of printing there came about a standard for spelling and grammar. Hence the first dictionary was printed in the year 1604. This English existed from 1500- 1800 AD.
Late Modern English
Since the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, the English embraced foreign words from many countries into its own. The late Modern English has many more words due to the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of technology for which new words were created. This was spoken from the 1800’s to present.
When we study a language, say our mother tongue we find it extremely simple. That’s because we have learnt it growing up and is wired in our brains. Learning a new language takes getting used to. English is such a vast language which is complex due to the use of certain words, phrases and their spellings used in different contexts.
Some interesting examples of the language complexities are:
There are Homonyms, same sounding words with different meanings and spellings eg: rise and rice. Synonyms a substitute word for another word, eg: shut and close have the same meanings. Antonyms are opposites of the word, eg: the opposite of tall is short. These are just a few. We also have the different tenses, singular and plural, masculine and feminine, etc.
If you have a rough cough, climbing can be tough when going through the bough on a tree!
And did you know that there is no ham in hamburger and no egg in eggplant (brinjal) or that English muffins were not invented in England, or the French fry was not invented in France.
Then there are paradoxes, where we say that quicksand works slowly and the guinea pig is not from a guinea or from a pig. A boxing ring is square then why is it called a ring? Have you heard that noses run when you have a cold and that your feet can stink?
Did you ever have a feeling that the English language was out to test you or get you? It makes us rack our brains to be sure that we don’t make errors in the usage of words and their spellings. Why are there same sounding words in the first place? Why can’t different words have different spellings? Why do some words have letters in them that are not even used when pronouncing it?
Their, there and they’re three words with the same pronunciation but different usage. Where, were and wear again the same thing. Boggles your mind every time doesn’t it? No matter how well versed we are with the language all of us at some point or the other have committed the error of using these words in our sentences.
Don’t get me started on the words that use silent letters of the English alphabet. I’m sure that you’ll are also asking the same question “If it’s silent then why is it there?” The history of the English language says that it used to be phonemic (yup, that’s right got to learn a new word). Meaning the words looked and sounded the same. Over time pronunciation changed and since the words were already preserved by the printing press some of the letters became silent.
Only 40% of modern day English is phonemic! Words like write, knee, wrist, psychology, daughter, half, all have silent letters. You might dread spelling, but it becomes very important in learning this language. What if you wanted to look up the word knowledge in the dictionary and you didn’t know the spelling. You’d probably look under the letter ‘N’.
Silent letters are not there to confuse us, even though we think so. There are certain rules that explain which letters are supposed to be silent, before and after certain letters. Once we start practising these rules it’ll become easier to remember how the words need to be pronounced and will undoubtedly improve our speaking, spelling and writing skills.
Learning the origins of words known as ‘Etymology’ is also very interesting. It is very fascinating as it provides the history of the words.
There is a magic ‘e’ in words. If you add an ‘e’ at the end of words with short vowel sounds, it elongates the sound of the vowels, eg: tap/tape, con/cone, mat/mate and fin/fine. Pretty cool right?
Try reading aloud the poem by Gerard Nolst Trenité – The Chaos (1922)
Dearest creature in creation
Studying English pronunciation,
I will teach you in my verse
Sounds like corpse, corps, horse and worse.
I will keep you, Susy, busy,
Make your head with heat grow dizzy;
Tear in eye, your dress you'll tear;
Queer, fair seer, hear my prayer.
Pray, console your loving poet,
Make my coat look new, dear, sew it!
Just compare heart, hear and heard,
Dies and diet, lord and word.
Sword and sward, retain and Britain
(Mind the latter how it's written).
Made has not the sound of bade,
Say-said, pay-paid, laid but plaid.
Now I surely will not plague you
With such words as vague and ague,
But be careful how you speak,
Say: gush, bush, steak, streak, break, bleak ,
Previous, precious, fuchsia, via
Recipe, pipe, studding-sail, choir;
Woven, oven, how and low,
Script, receipt, shoe, poem, toe.
Say, expecting fraud and trickery:
Daughter, laughter and Terpsichore,
Branch, ranch, measles, topsails, aisles,
Missiles, similes, reviles.
Wholly, holly, signal, signing,
Same, examining, but mining,
Scholar, vicar, and cigar,
Solar, mica, war and far.
From "desire": desirable-admirable from "admire",
Lumber, plumber, bier, but brier,
Topsham, brougham, renown, but known,
Knowledge, done, lone, gone, none, tone,
One, anemone, Balmoral,
Kitchen, lichen, laundry, laurel.
Gertrude, German, wind and wind,
Beau, kind, kindred, queue, mankind,
Tortoise, turquoise, chamois-leather,
Reading, Reading, heathen, heather.
This phonetic labyrinth
Gives moss, gross, brook, brooch, ninth, plinth.
Have you ever yet endeavoured
To pronounce revered and severed,
Demon, lemon, ghoul, foul, soul,
Peter, petrol and patrol?
Billet does not end like ballet;
Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet.
Blood and flood are not like food,
Nor is mould like should and would.
Banquet is not nearly parquet,
Which exactly rhymes with khaki.
Discount, viscount, load and broad,
Toward, to forward, to reward,
Ricocheted and crocheting, croquet?
Right! Your pronunciation's OK.
Rounded, wounded, grieve and sieve,
Friend and fiend, alive and live.
Is your r correct in higher?
Keats asserts it rhymes Thalia.
Hugh, but hug, and hood, but hoot,
Buoyant, minute, but minute.
Say abscission with precision,
Now: position and transition;
Would it tally with my rhyme
If I mentioned paradigm?
Twopence, threepence, tease are easy,
But cease, crease, grease and greasy?
Cornice, nice, valise, revise,
Rabies, but lullabies.
Of such puzzling words as nauseous,
Rhyming well with cautious, tortious,
You'll envelop lists, I hope,
In a linen envelope.
Would you like some more? You'll have it!
Affidavit, David, davit.
To abjure, to perjure. Sheik
Does not sound like Czech but ache.
Liberty, library, heave and heaven,
Rachel, loch, moustache, eleven.
We say hallowed, but allowed,
People, leopard, towed but vowed.
Mark the difference, moreover,
Between mover, plover, Dover.
Leeches, breeches, wise, precise,
Chalice, but police and lice,
Camel, constable, unstable,
Principle, disciple, label.
Petal, penal, and canal,
Wait, surmise, plait, promise, pal,
Suit, suite, ruin. Circuit, conduit
Rhyme with "shirk it" and "beyond it",
But it is not hard to tell
Why it's pall, mall, but Pall Mall.
Muscle, muscular, gaol, iron,
Timber, climber, bullion, lion,
Worm and storm, chaise, chaos, chair,
Senator, spectator, mayor,
Ivy, privy, famous; clamour
Has the a of drachm and hammer.
Pussy, hussy and possess,
Desert, but desert, address.
Golf, wolf, countenance, lieutenants
Hoist in lieu of flags left pennants.
Courier, courtier, tomb, bomb, comb,
Cow, but Cowper, some and home.
"Solder, soldier! Blood is thicker",
Quoth he, "than liqueur or liquor",
Making, it is sad but true,
In bravado, much ado.
Stranger does not rhyme with anger,
Neither does devour with clangour.
Pilot, pivot, gaunt, but aunt,
Font, front, wont, want, grand and grant.
Arsenic, specific, scenic,
Relic, rhetoric, hygienic.
Gooseberry, goose, and close, but close,
Paradise, rise, rose, and dose.
Say inveigh, neigh, but inveigle,
Make the latter rhyme with eagle.
Mind! Meandering but mean,
Valentine and magazine.
And I bet you, dear, a penny,
You say mani-(fold) like many,
Which is wrong. Say rapier, pier,
Tier (one who ties), but tier.
Arch, archangel; pray, does erring
Rhyme with herring or with stirring?
Prison, bison, treasure trove,
Treason, hover, cover, cove,
Perseverance, severance. Ribald
Rhymes (but piebald doesn't) with nibbled.
Phaeton, paean, gnat, ghat, gnaw,
Lien, psychic, shone, bone, pshaw.
Don't be down, my own, but rough it,
And distinguish buffet, buffet;
Brood, stood, roof, rook, school, wool, boon,
Worcester, Boleyn, to impugn.
Say in sounds correct and sterling
Hearse, hear, hearken, year and yearling.
Evil, devil, mezzotint,
Mind the z! (A gentle hint.)
Now you need not pay attention
To such sounds as I don't mention,
Sounds like pores, pause, pours and paws,
Rhyming with the pronoun yours;
Nor are proper names included,
Though I often heard, as you did,
Funny rhymes to unicorn,
Yes, you know them, Vaughan and Strachan.
No, my maiden, coy and comely,
I don't want to speak of Cholmondeley.
No. Yet Froude compared with proud
Is no better than McLeod.
But mind trivial and vial,
Tripod, menial, denial,
Troll and trolley, realm and ream,
Schedule, mischief, schism, and scheme.
Argil, gill, Argyll, gill. Surely
May be made to rhyme with Raleigh,
But you're not supposed to say
Piquet rhymes with sobriquet.
Had this invalid invalid
Worthless documents? How pallid,
How uncouth he, couchant, looked,
When for Portsmouth I had booked!
Zeus, Thebes, Thales, Aphrodite,
Paramour, enamoured, flighty,
Episodes, antipodes,
Acquiesce, and obsequies.
Please don't monkey with the geyser,
Don't peel 'taters with my razor,
Rather say in accents pure:
Nature, stature and mature.
Pious, impious, limb, climb, glumly,
Worsted, worsted, crumbly, dumbly,
Conquer, conquest, vase, phase, fan,
Wan, sedan and artisan.
The th will surely trouble you
More than r, ch or w.
Say then these phonetic gems:
Thomas, thyme, Theresa, Thames.
Thompson, Chatham, Waltham, Streatham,
There are more but I forget 'em-
Wait! I've got it: Anthony,
Lighten your anxiety.
The archaic word albeit
Does not rhyme with eight-you see it;
With and forthwith, one has voice,
One has not, you make your choice.
Shoes, goes, does *. Now first say: finger;
Then say: singer, ginger, linger.
Real, zeal, mauve, gauze and gauge,
Marriage, foliage, mirage, age,
Hero, heron, query, very,
Parry, tarry fury, bury,
Dost, lost, post, and doth, cloth, loth,
Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath.
Faugh, oppugnant, keen oppugners,
Bowing, bowing, banjo-tuners
Holm you know, but noes, canoes,
Puisne, truism, use, to use?
Though the difference seems little,
We say actual, but victual,
Seat, sweat, chaste, caste, Leigh, eight, height,
Put, nut, granite, and unite.
Reefer does not rhyme with deafer,
Feoffer does, and zephyr, heifer.
Dull, bull, Geoffrey, George, ate, late,
Hint, pint, senate, but sedate.
Gaelic, Arabic, pacific,
Science, conscience, scientific;
Tour, but our, dour, succour, four,
Gas, alas, and Arkansas.
Say manoeuvre, yacht and vomit,
Next omit, which differs from it
Bona fide, alibi
Gyrate, dowry and awry.
Sea, idea, guinea, area,
Psalm, Maria, but malaria.
Youth, south, southern, cleanse and clean,
Doctrine, turpentine, marine.
Compare alien with Italian,
Dandelion with battalion,
Rally with ally; yea, ye,
Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!
Say aver, but ever, fever,
Neither, leisure, skein, receiver.
Never guess-it is not safe,
We say calves, valves, half, but Ralf.
Starry, granary, canary,
Crevice, but device, and eyrie,
Face, but preface, then grimace,
Phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass, bass.
Bass, large, target, gin, give, verging,
Ought, oust, joust, and scour, but scourging;
Ear, but earn; and ere and tear
Do not rhyme with here but heir.
Mind the o of off and often
Which may be pronounced as orphan,
With the sound of saw and sauce;
Also soft, lost, cloth and cross.
Pudding, puddle, putting. Putting?
Yes: at golf it rhymes with shutting.
Respite, spite, consent, resent.
Liable, but Parliament.
Seven is right, but so is even,
Hyphen, roughen, nephew, Stephen,
Monkey, donkey, clerk and jerk,
Asp, grasp, wasp, demesne, cork, work.
A of valour, vapid vapour,
S of news (compare newspaper),
G of gibbet, gibbon, gist,
I of antichrist and grist,
Differ like diverse and divers,
Rivers, strivers, shivers, fivers.
Once, but nonce, toll, doll, but roll,
Polish, Polish, poll and poll.
Pronunciation-think of Psyche!-
Is a paling, stout and spiky.
Won't it make you lose your wits
Writing groats and saying "grits"?
It's a dark abyss or tunnel
Strewn with stones like rowlock, gunwale,
Islington, and Isle of Wight,
Housewife, verdict and indict.
Don't you think so, reader, rather,
Saying lather, bather, father?
Finally, which rhymes with enough,
Though, through, bough, cough, hough, sough, tough??
Hiccough has the sound of sup…
My advice is: GIVE IT UP!
Learning the origins of words known as ‘Etymology’ is also very interesting. It is very fascinating as it provides the history of the words.
It’s said that if you can read 90% of this poem’s words correctly, then you can speak this language better than most and will earn you the title of an English pro.
The English language is a little daunting to learn for people who are learning it for the first time. You can be sure even in a lifetime it would be pretty impossible to learn all of its intricacies. But the lunacy and the uniqueness of it is what piques our interest to keep learning this language.
Education
Dharav Utsav to Celebrate Rajasthan’s Cultural Heritage and Local Talent
Education
How to Build Better Parent-Teacher Communication
Good communication between parents and teachers plays an important role in a child’s learning and confidence. When both stay connected, it helps students feel encouraged and understood. Still, it’s not always easy to keep that connection strong. Busy schedules and small misunderstandings can make things tricky. The good news is that a few simple habits can make a real difference. Let’s examine what parent-teacher communication truly entails and how both parties can collaborate more effectively.
What is Teacher and Parent Communication?
Teacher and parent communication is all about staying connected and working together for a child’s growth. It’s not just a one-time meeting or message but a continuous, two-way exchange of updates, ideas, and feedback. When teachers and families stay in touch regularly, it creates a strong support system that helps students do better both in and outside the classroom.
In simple terms, teachers share what’s happening at school, like:
- Homework and assignments
- Grades and test results
- Class activities and behavior updates
- Social and emotional progress
- Strengths and areas where a student might need extra help
At the same time, parents share what’s happening at home, such as:
- How the child feels about schoolwork
- Any challenges or changes they’ve noticed
- Questions or suggestions about learning support
When both sides keep the communication open, it builds trust and teamwork. Teachers understand students better, and parents feel more involved in their child’s education.
Tips for Smooth Parent-Teacher Communication
Talking to parents doesn’t have to feel formal or uncomfortable. In fact, the better your connection with them, the smoother your teaching journey becomes. Whether you’re reaching out for the first time or trying to keep the conversation going, here are some real-world ways to build trust and keep communication easy, clear, and helpful.
1. Begin with a Friendly Introduction
Right at the beginning of the academic year, take a moment to introduce yourself to parents. You can send a friendly email, a printed note, or even a short video message. Let them know who you are, what you’re excited about, and how they can reach you. This early step breaks the ice and helps parents feel welcome and included in their child’s learning journey. When you set a positive tone early, it makes future communication easier and more comfortable for everyone.
2. Communicate Often, Not Just When There’s a Problem
Don’t let communication only happen during parent-teacher conferences or when something goes wrong. Send regular updates about what’s happening in class, upcoming events, or even small successes their child has had during the week. These don’t need to be long messages. A quick note about a student’s progress or behavior can make a parent’s day and help build trust over time. It also shows that you’re not just reaching out when there’s a problem.
3. Invite Their Voice, Too
Sometimes we forget that parents know their child better than anyone else. Ask questions. How does their child learn best at home? Are there any routines or challenges you should know about? And when they speak, listen fully. These conversations often reveal things that can shape how you teach and connect with the student.
4. Be Available and Approachable
Parents need to know that they can come to you when something is on their mind. That doesn’t mean being available 24/7, but it does mean creating space for honest conversations. You can let them know about your preferred times for calls or meetings, and also offer virtual options if in-person isn’t possible. Make sure the tone of your communication is always warm and non-judgmental so they feel safe speaking up.
5. Treat Parents as Team Members, Not Outsiders
Instead of just delivering information, try to involve parents as partners in their child’s learning. Share ideas for how they can help at home, ask for their observations, and thank them for their efforts. If there’s a behaviour issue or academic challenge, work with them on solutions instead of just reporting the problem. A strong home-school partnership creates a consistent support system for the student, both inside and outside the classroom.
6. Show Cultural Awareness and Respect
Families come from many different backgrounds, and their expectations may vary. Take the time to learn about their culture, language preferences, and family structure. Avoid making assumptions or using language that might feel exclusive. If needed, provide translations or simplify your communication to make sure everyone understands. This small effort shows parents that you value who they are and where they come from.
7. Share Progress in a Way That’s Clear and Supportive
Progress updates should be balanced. Yes, it’s important to point out what’s not working, but don’t forget to highlight what is. Give specific examples instead of vague praise or criticism. Say things like, “I’ve noticed Priya really lights up during science experiments,” or “Rohan is still working on staying focused during group tasks.” This kind of feedback feels personal and helps parents understand the full picture.
8. Choose the Right Tools for the Right Message
Too many apps or tools can overwhelm parents quickly. Choose one or two that you’ll stick to, whether it’s a school app, WhatsApp group, or weekly email. Use them for quick updates, reminders, or sharing student wins. Keep your tone casual but clear. Tech is helpful only when it makes life easier for both sides.
9. Respect Their Time and Yours
Teachers and parents are both juggling busy schedules. Respecting each other’s time helps keep communication productive and stress-free. If you’re scheduling meetings, offer time slots that work for working parents, too. Keep conversations focused so that meetings don’t run longer than necessary. Also, set clear boundaries about when you’re available.
When Is Parent-Teacher Communication Most Important?
Parent-teacher communication matters most right at the start of preschool. That first day of preschool is a big moment for every child and their family. When teachers and parents talk openly from day one, it helps everyone feel more comfortable and sets up a strong partnership for the rest of the year.
Why It Matters on Day One
- The first day of preschool often brings a mix of excitement and nervousness for both kids and parents. Honest communication helps everyone feel a little more comfortable.
- Open communication lets teachers learn about each child’s background, interests, and any worries or comforts. This way, teachers can give more personalized care and support from the beginning.
- Early conversations help build a sense of trust between home and school, making the classroom feel like a safe and welcoming place for the child.
- When teachers share classroom routines and expectations with parents on the first day, it helps families get ready and feel involved in their child’s new experience.
- These early talks also give teachers helpful details, like which languages are spoken at home, special family traditions, or any recent changes in the child’s life. This helps teachers communicate better and offer the right kind of support.
By making communication a priority from the very first day, both teachers and parents can work together to help each child settle in smoothly and feel confident as they start their schooling journey. Building strong parent-teacher teamwork not only supports a child’s emotional well-being but also lays the foundation for long-term academic success.
Closing Thoughts
We hope these tips help make your conversations with parents smoother and more meaningful. Building that connection takes time, but small efforts can lead to strong partnerships.
This article is authored by-
Chitra Khanna,
Content Strategist,
KLAY Preschools & Daycare
Education
Beyond the Syllabus: School Teachers’ Insights on Project-Based Learning
How classroom experiences are being reshaped through projects, inquiry, and authentic learning
As the classroom grows beyond the boundaries of textbooks and blackboards, so too does the role of the teacher, and the very meaning of learning. Project-Based Learning (PBL), once considered a niche innovation, is increasingly being embraced by educators across schools in India. But what happens when PBL moves from theory to practice?
To answer this, we turned to the people at the heart of the learning experience: teachers.
In conversations with educators from diverse school contexts, one theme was clear: PBL is not just a teaching strategy; it’s a transformation in how students learn, engage, and grow.
From Worksheets to Real-World Work: How PBL Differs from Traditional Homework
One of the clearest contrasts teachers observed was how PBL moves learning from repetition to relevance. Traditional homework often reinforces information through rote exercises. PBL, by contrast, asks students to apply their knowledge to solve problems, create products, or investigate issues that matter to them.
One teacher shared how using PBL to raise student awareness about water pollution was a hit in the class. Instead of just assigning problems, the students were made to create awareness posters, conduct surveys in their neighbourhood, and suggest solutions through group presentations. The teacher also noted how the students took the lead, and had an ownership over this project that they usually don’t showcase.
The shift from repetition to application fosters deeper engagement. Several teachers noted that students who previously struggled to stay motivated with homework showed renewed interest when asked to take on real-world challenges.
Changing Roles: Teachers as Facilitators, Not Just Instructors
Project-Based Learning also changes the role of the teacher, who went from being the sole source of knowledge to a guide who supports inquiry and exploration.
One common change teachers noticed was on how they had to let go of control in the classroom. Naturally, the students now had to work on projects on their own, and could only come to the teacher for guidance and help. The teachers noted that they helped their students ask the right questions, find credible sources, and evaluate their work, instead of completely placing the burden of learning on the teacher themselves.
This change isn’t always easy. It requires a shift in mindset and in many cases, rethinking how time is used in class. But most teachers agree: the shift is worth it. PBL has encouraged interdisciplinary approaches, made space for collaborative learning, and created more meaningful student-teacher interactions.
Unlocking Student Potential: What PBL Offers Beyond Academics
Academic performance remains important, but a lot of teachers repeatedly pointed out that PBL nurtures a broader set of skills, like critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. One teacher particularly noted on how their quietest students became ‘leaders’, and became outspoken when it came to presenting their ideas and projects. While not directly, PBL helped these students find their voices, and find confidence in their effort and abilities.
Students learn to manage time, negotiate roles, and solve problems, skills that aren’t always reflected in exam scores but are vital for life beyond school. For many teachers, the most rewarding aspect of PBL was watching students take initiative, work through failure, and reflect on their learning.
Widening the Circle: Strategies for Scaling PBL in More Classrooms
While the benefits are clear, teachers acknowledged that implementing PBL at a large scale comes with challenges, like limited time, rigid curriculum structures, and unfamiliarity among teachers.
They offered a few practical suggestions for schools and educators considering wider adoption:
- Start Small and Build Confidence: Starting with short projects aligned to the unit you are already teaching introduces PBL in an easy manner. This way, teachers do not have to worry about overhauling their curriculum, or for making huge changes to their current teaching methods.
- Encourage Collaboration Among Teachers: Joint planning across subjects makes projects richer and more integrated. This also promotes interdisciplinary skills among students, and allows them to craft solutions using different subjects and skillsets.
- Make Time for Reflection: Embedding opportunities for students to present, critique, and reflect helps solidify learning. By reflecting on their projects and mistakes, they can understand how they can improve their approach to PBL.
- Support Professional Development: Teachers emphasized the need for ongoing training, not just one-off workshops but long-term spaces for peer sharing and mentorship. This continuous development would cement and solidify the methods and outcomes that will maximise using PBL for student benefits
Looking Ahead: Redefining Success in Education
PBL challenges traditional ideas of what learning looks like. It pushes students to move beyond memorization, and it challenges teachers to rethink their methods. But more than anything, it opens up the classroom to ideas, to communities, and to possibilities. No longer are students just preparing for exams, but also for the complex world outside school.
As educators continue to navigate the changing landscape of education, the insights from teachers point us toward a hopeful future, where learning is meaningful, relevant, and rooted in real-world experience.
This article is authored by Mrs. Padmashini M Patro, Principal, Air Force School Bamrauli
Education
Over 1 Lakh Single-Teacher Schools Educate 33 Lakh Students Across India: MoE Data
Education
Over 3 Lakh Schools Join Hands for India’s Largest-Ever Innovation Challenge: Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025
In a historic moment for Indian education, more than 3 lakh schools across the country came together to participate in the Viksit Bharat Buildathon (VBB) 2025, the largest live school innovation challenge ever organised in India. The nationwide event was inaugurated in New Delhi by Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, marking a significant milestone in the Government’s efforts to embed creativity, innovation, and problem-solving into the school ecosystem.
The Viksit Bharat Buildathon, organised by the Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSEL) in collaboration with Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog, and AICTE, saw over one crore students from Classes 6 to 12 working simultaneously during a 120-minute live innovation session. Students teamed up in groups of three to five to design prototypes and propose solutions under four themes — Atmanirbhar Bharat, Swadeshi, Vocal for Local, and Samriddhi.
While inaugurating the event, Minister Pradhan interacted virtually with students of PM SHRI Government High School, Khorda, Odisha, and later visited Delhi Public School, Mathura Road, and Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2, Delhi Cantt. Commending students for their creativity, he said, “The vision of Viksit Bharat will be realised through the innovative spirit of our young learners. These ideas will not only address domestic challenges but also create global models for change.”
The event drew widespread participation, with Uttar Pradesh leading the numbers (78,206 schools), followed by Maharashtra (41,198), Gujarat (20,017), and Madhya Pradesh (18,129). Other states like Tamil Nadu (16,370), Bihar (15,732), Odisha (12,344), and Haryana (11,567) also recorded impressive engagement, showing the growing momentum for grassroots innovation across regions. Even smaller territories like Ladakh (358), Puducherry (149), and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (171) participated actively, reflecting the nationwide reach of the initiative.
According to Sanjay Kumar, Secretary, DoSEL, this unprecedented participation signals a transformation in how Indian students approach learning. “This one-of-a-kind movement strengthens innovative thinking and enhances the problem-solving capabilities of students across India,” he said. Deepak Bagla, Mission Director of AIM, called the initiative a “mass movement connecting schools in remote villages with those in metropolitan cities through innovation.”
A New Chapter for Indian Education
The Viksit Bharat Buildathon signifies more than just a hackathon — it reflects a systemic shift in Indian education towards experiential and innovation-led learning. As schools across the country engage in design thinking, tinkering, and collaboration, students are being equipped not just with knowledge, but with the mindset and skills needed to build a self-reliant India.
By nurturing creativity from an early age and fostering partnerships between schools, government bodies, and industry, the Buildathon is shaping a generation ready to contribute to the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 — a developed, empowered, and innovation-driven India.
Education
17-year-old Innovator Designs Learning Tools for the Visually Impaired
At just 17, Singapore-based student Ameya Meattle is proving that age is no barrier to impact. What began as a small idea to make education more accessible has evolved into a mission that is transforming how visually impaired learners experience learning and skill development.
Ameya founded Earth First at the age of 14 — a social enterprise that helps visually impaired individuals “earn and learn” by creating sustainable, eco-friendly products. Working with eight NGOs across India and Singapore, the initiative has trained more than 100 visually impaired students and launched over 23 sustainable product lines, from tote bags and jute placemats to macramé planters. Each design is adapted to provide hands-on learning opportunities and help trainees gain confidence in both craft and enterprise.
Beyond social entrepreneurship, Ameya has focused deeply on education and technology. He led a Python programming course for 50 visually impaired students, designing custom training modules that made coding accessible through screen readers and tactile tools. By introducing technology as a viable career pathway, Ameya hopes to help students move from manual tasks to high-skill, digital opportunities.
His work also extends into assistive technology research. Under the mentorship of Dr. Pawan Sinha at MIT, Ameya developed a VR-based diagnostic game to assess visual acuity in children — turning the process into an interactive experience rather than a clinical test. The tool is being piloted at MIT’s Sinha Lab and with Project Prakash in India, helping doctors evaluate and track visual development before and after eye surgeries.
In addition, during his internship at the Assistech Lab at IIT Delhi, Ameya worked on designing tactile STEM teaching aids, such as accessible periodic tables and coding tutorials for visually impaired learners. His goal, he says, is not just to innovate but to make scientific learning inclusive and joyful for all.
Ameya’s work highlights how education, empathy, and innovation can intersect to create a more equitable future — one where technology serves not just progress, but people.
Education
Empowering Young People to Champion Neuro-Inclusion
Aamir Khan’s recent film Sitaare Zameen Par has brought neurodiversity into the mainstream, and sparked important conversations about inclusion and rethinking what we consider ‘normal’. These cultural moments help raise awareness, but they also remind us that there is still a long way to go in making inclusion a lived reality.
It is estimated that 1 in 8 children in India have a neurodevelopmental condition such as ADHD, autism, learning disabilities and intellectual disability. Many of these children often face social isolation, bullying and exclusion – often the earliest of these experiences begin during school.
At the same time, today’s young people indeed carry with them a deep sense of social justice and openness to diversity. The energy, empathy and bold creativity of young people can be harnessed – if nurtured in the right way, at the right time – to make them equal partners in cultivating inclusive cultures in schools and communities.
We need young allies – people who are not only informed, but who engage meaningfully with neurodivergent peers, actively support the cause, and drive inclusivity. The key lies in equipping them with the knowledge, skills, and ultimately the mindset needed for inclusion. Schools must invest in nurturing young allies who can champion neurodiversity and take ownership of inclusion in spaces they belong to.
Our experience and work on youth allyship has shaped our understanding of what it takes to make this happen. Here are some of our most important insights:
- From awareness to active allyship: We need to move beyond awareness about neurodiversity, by equipping students with the knowledge, skills, confidence, and opportunities to take meaningful action as allies for neuro-inclusion.
- A personalised journey: Allyship is a lifelong journey which is most authentic when it grows organically from curiosity, dialogue, self-initiative and experiences. It cannot be imposed, and must be led by the individual.
- Student autonomy: When students have the autonomy to choose how they contribute, their commitment deepens. We should give students a mix of structure and freedom to help – guidance to shape their efforts, alongside the space to decide how they want to step up for meaningful change.
So how can schools nurture students as young allies?
- Create safe, relatable spaces led by students, for students Peer-led conversations give students space to reflect on diversity, challenge stereotypes, and share personal experiences. When peers lead, the power dynamics shift – students listen more openly, express without fear of judgment, and begin to see inclusion as something that belongs to them, not just a directive from authority figures. Our Inclusive Duniya Circles are one example of such spaces. Students are primed and empowered to sensitively facilitate conversations about disability, neurodiversity and inclusion.
- Explore connections to students’ interests and strengths
Students should be given the opportunity to discover how they feel about the cause and how they want to contribute. At the end of each Circle, we often ask, “How do you want to step up for an Inclusive Duniya?” The answers vary, but what matters most is that the initiative comes from the students themselves. Our role as adults and educators is to support them in making it happen.
Some take the route of advocacy – sparking conversations and campaigning for the cause with schoolmates. Others channel creativity through music, art, or theatre that challenges stereotypes.
For instance, the song Inclusive Duniya (available on Spotify), was written, composed and produced by students on their own from carefully crafting lyrics which invited listeners to imagine a world where everyone feels like they belong to picking melodies that convey warmth. Students used their creative talents to make a gentle but compelling call to action for allyship. Helping students tap into their personal strengths and interests enables authentic engagement and contribution to the cause.
- Embed into academic and co-curricular pathways
Linking students’ inclusion initiatives and projects to existing academic opportunities, such as CAS projects in the IB curriculum, allows them to merge personal passion with academic commitment. Framing these initiatives as co-curricular activities also strengthens students’ profiles for college applications. This dual recognition provides a formal recognition to their efforts and ensures students’ efforts are sustained – adding motivation, depth and commitment to their efforts.
The voices of young people not only impact their peers, but also have a ripple effect in shaping how families talk about disabilities, and, in due course, how communities and workplaces open themselves up to inclusion.
With the right support, our young generation can become a driving force for an inclusive world. Schools, as microcosms of society, provide the most conducive space for young people to explore sensitive concepts, question biases, and practice inclusion in meaningful ways. By nurturing young allies who truly value and celebrate diverse ways of thinking and being, we can lay the foundation for a more Inclusive Duniya.
This article is co-authored by:

Pooja Sharma, Founder and CEO, Inclusive Duniya

Srushti Patel, Manager- Schools Programme, Inclusive Duniya
Education
Ministry of Education Urges Schools to Adopt UPI for Digital Fee Payments, Promoting Ease of Schooling
Education
Supreme Court Calls for Early Sex Education in Schools: “Not from Class IX, But from a Younger Age”
In a landmark observation, the Supreme Court of India has emphasised the urgent need to introduce sex education at a younger age, rather than waiting until Class IX as is the current norm. The apex court stated that children should be informed and sensitised about the physical and emotional changes that accompany puberty — and taught the necessary care and caution that come with it.
The observation came from a Bench comprising Justice Sanjay Kumar and Justice Alok Aradhe, which noted that the absence of early sex education leaves children vulnerable to misinformation and misunderstanding during their formative years.
“Sex education should be provided to children from a younger age and not Class IX onwards. It is for the authorities concerned to apply their mind and take corrective measures so that children are informed of the changes that happen after puberty,” the court stated.
The Bench made the remarks while hearing an appeal filed by a 15-year-old boy, who had been denied bail by the Allahabad High Court in a case under Sections 376 and 506 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 6 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act. Recognising that the accused was himself a minor, the Supreme Court had earlier granted him bail in September 2025.
In the same case, the Court had directed the Government of Uttar Pradesh to submit an affidavit explaining how sex education is currently implemented in schools. The state responded that sex education is introduced only in Classes IX to XII, following NCERT guidelines. However, the Bench expressed concern over this delayed introduction and urged policymakers to revisit the framework to ensure children receive age-appropriate education much earlier.
The Court set aside the High Court’s order and made the juvenile’s bail permanent until the completion of the trial. More importantly, its remarks have reignited the national debate on the need for comprehensive sexuality education in India, which many experts argue is crucial to preventing abuse, reducing stigma, and promoting healthy development among adolescents.
Education experts have long maintained that early, factual, and inclusive discussions about puberty, consent, and emotional health must begin before adolescence — ideally in primary school — to prepare children for real-world experiences and relationships. The Supreme Court’s observation is expected to prompt renewed policy discussions on revising the sex education curriculum nationwide.
Education
Delhi Government Launches Online First Aid Training Programme for Teachers
The Delhi government has introduced a new online training programme designed to equip teachers with essential first aid skills to respond effectively during health emergencies in schools.
According to a circular issued by the State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT), the course — titled “First Aid – To Improve Human Reaction in Challenging Health Situations” — will be conducted under the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) format. The training is mandatory for all teachers and will run from October 9 to October 19, 2025.
The initiative aims to increase awareness about the importance of readiness in medical emergencies and the role of first aid in saving lives. It will also educate teachers on maintaining functional first aid kits in classrooms and demonstrate practical methods for administering care in real-life situations.
Teachers must achieve at least 70 per cent in each assessment to complete the course successfully. Upon completion, participants will receive certificates, which can be downloaded directly from the platform.
By introducing this online training, the Delhi government seeks to build a culture of preparedness and safety across schools. With thousands of teachers gaining basic emergency response skills, the initiative is expected to significantly improve the ability of schools to manage sudden health crises and ensure student well-being.
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