Students generally have different learning preferences. While some prefer visual aids, others opt for hands-on training. Traditional education often fails to cater to this diversity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) acknowledges these diverse learning patterns and customises the curriculum to fit each student’s requirements. Though AI has not replaced traditional textbooks, it has transformed education into a personalised and inclusive experience to help learners acquire knowledge at their own pace.

AI-based tutors, chatbots, VR learning experiences, and gamified learning platforms are facilitating student-centred approach, addressing learners’ specific needs, abilities, and interests and customising the curriculum and learning techniques.

Adapting Learning Experiences with AI-Powered Tools

AI-driven adaptive learning tools analyse huge amounts of data on each student, including their cognitive abilities, strengths, weaknesses and pace of learning. By doing so, such tools create a unique database of learners’ profiles. Besides, AI recommends tailored resources—from articles and videos to podcasts and books—based on past performance, interests, and learning preferences of the students, nudging them towards sharpening their knowledge. Available in multiple languages, EdTech tools make education access easier by helping remove language barriers.

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Enhancing Educator Effectiveness

Data-driven insights derived from AI tools enable educators to collect and analyse information about student performance, understand each student’s aptitudes, modify curriculum delivery, and provide timely feedback while developing a data-driven teaching strategy. These insights also help identify learning gaps in advance, allowing educators to adjust their teaching strategies based on students’ needs. AI is breaking down barriers by creating an inclusive and flexible learning environment. A report by EdTechXGlobal shows that 60% of K-12 instructors in the US implement personalised learning in their classrooms.

Empowering Students with Disabilities

AI assists students with visual, speech, language, and hearing impairments in accomplishing tasks with ease. Screen readers, speech-to-text tools, and AI-powered learning modules help disabled students engage more effectively with educational content. For instance, learners with dyslexia and dysgraphia can achieve improved educational outcomes with AI-integrated writing assistance software and text-to-speech tools.

Adaptive technologies tailored to the needs of disabled learners are actively promoted in the United States to enhance personalised learning. The U.S. Department of Education ensures that disabled students have access to the latest education technology. It also instructs schools to assess whether students require tools such as text-to-speech software and alternative communication devices.

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The Indian Perspective

India is actively leveraging AI to promote personalised education. India’s Education Ministry is promoting AI in education through programs such as NEP 2020, NITI Aayog’s AI for All Initiative, and PM eVidya. Such favourable government policies are driving educational institutions across the country to adopt data-backed approaches  to enhance personalised learning experiences. By integrating AI algorithms into educational platforms, Indian schools and colleges are tailoring learning pathways based on each student’s performance and learning speed.

Additionally, India’s policy frameworks are evolving to support these technological advancements to promote inclusivity and improve learning outcomes. This combination of visionary policies and practical AI applications has created an environment where students of all abilities can thrive.

A Breakthrough Year Ahead

2024 has been a crucial year for AI in education. The AI market grew significantly last year and reached more than 184 billion US dollars, an almost $50 billion gain over 2023. The growth of this sector can be attributed to the use of artificial intelligence tools in classrooms, which have transformed the way students learn. AI will further transform education and make it more adaptable, inclusive, and progressive through equity, engagement, and innovation in 2025. Its ability to customise the learning experience will ensure that students, regardless of their abilities or challenges, can achieve their full potential.

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Government initiatives, targeted financing, teacher training programs, and private schools collaborating with reputed STEM institutes/universities have made India’s education system more AI-friendly. Nevertheless, the country still has a long way to go compared to other developed nations with well-defined AI strategies.

Traditional teaching methods are no longer effective in addressing the needs of the digital age. It may also lead to significant skill gaps. The Economic Survey 2023-24 shows that 65% of India’s population is under 35, with many lacking the skills required by a modern economy. Therefore, integrating AI into education is necessary to prepare the younger generation for a competitive job market. Thus, educational institutions and educators in India must embrace this transition proactively to prepare students for increasing global digitalization.

This article is authored by Husien Dohadwalla, Chief Executive Officer, Crimson Education Management Services

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As India celebrates nine years of the Startup India initiative on National Startup Day, 16 January 2025, it’s evident how deeply the entrepreneurial spirit has been embedded in the nation’s fabric. From being a country of aspiring doctors and engineers to a hub for budding entrepreneurs, India has undergone a significant transformation. This shift isn’t confined to adults but is increasingly taking root in schools, where the next generation of business leaders is being nurtured.

The Entrepreneurial Wave in Schools

Startup culture has permeated classrooms, with students now creating and marketing products under professional guidance. Chemistry labs aren’t just for experiments anymore; they’ve become mini manufacturing units. Students are crafting innovative products—think handmade soaps, eco-friendly cleaning agents, and even tech gadgets—and selling them under their school’s brand. This hands-on experience in entrepreneurship is teaching them valuable lessons in problem-solving, teamwork, and financial literacy, far beyond traditional academics.

Shows like Shark Tank India have also played a crucial role in shaping young minds. These programmes, widely watched across TV and OTT platforms, have demystified entrepreneurship for students and parents alike. By showcasing real-life success stories, they’ve encouraged families to view entrepreneurship as a viable career path, on par with medicine or engineering.

Schools as Incubators of Ideas

Schools today are recognising their potential to act as incubators for future business leaders. Many are introducing entrepreneurship programmes, collaborating with startups, and organising business pitch competitions. These initiatives allow students to explore their interests and learn the intricacies of building a business—from ideation and prototyping to marketing and scaling.

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Some schools have even created dedicated innovation labs and partnered with local businesses for mentorship opportunities. These setups not only foster creativity but also give students exposure to the practical aspects of running a business. Such efforts align perfectly with the government’s Startup India initiative, which has championed innovation and inclusivity for nearly a decade.

Why This Matters for the Future

Entrepreneurship isn’t just about creating businesses; it’s about fostering a mindset. Students who grow up in this environment are better equipped to tackle real-world challenges, think creatively, and adapt to changing circumstances. These skills are invaluable, whether they eventually choose to run their own business or work within an organisation.

Moreover, promoting entrepreneurship in schools has a ripple effect. It not only prepares students for the future but also inspires communities and contributes to economic growth. Schools that actively engage in such initiatives are setting a precedent for holistic education that balances academics with life skills.

What Next?

With over 1.59 lakh startups now recognised in India, the country has become a global hub of innovation. Schools must seize this moment to integrate entrepreneurial education into their curriculums actively. By doing so, they will not only align with national objectives but also prepare students for a world that values innovation and adaptability above all.

As we celebrate National Startup Day, let’s look forward to a future where classrooms double as boardrooms and students graduate not just with degrees but with dreams ready to take flight.

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Creating a nation of sports champions requires a fundamental shift in how India balances education and athletics. Former Indian football team captain Bhaichung Bhutia and Olympic gold medallist Neeraj Chopra have called for a more sports-integrated education system to nurture talent and elevate India’s global athletic standing.

Speaking at the Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue, Bhutia emphasised the urgent need for collaboration between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. “Every child is trained to become a doctor or an engineer, but we need a more sports-friendly curriculum. Only then will India produce world champions,” Bhutia said. He suggested making sports a major subject in schools to build an ecosystem that values athletic achievement alongside academics.

Echoing similar sentiments, Neeraj Chopra highlighted the success of student-athletes in the United States, where schools and universities play a critical role in producing Olympic-level athletes. “If schools and universities in India adopt a similar approach, we will see a big rise in sports,” Chopra told Lallantop. He stressed that with proper management, balancing sports and education is achievable, citing American athletes as examples.

Both athletes pointed to the need for systemic changes in policy and mindset. Bhutia called for sports and education ministries to collaborate closely, while Chopra advocated for schools and universities to integrate competitive sports programs.

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The calls from Bhutia and Chopra align with India’s growing focus on youth development under initiatives like the Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue. For India to become a sporting powerhouse, the nation must prioritise infrastructure, policy reforms, and a cultural shift that places equal importance on athletic and academic excellence.

On 12 January each year, India celebrates National Youth Day, commemorating the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda—a visionary whose ideals continue to inspire generations. His emphasis on courage, self-discipline, and selflessness laid the foundation for building a nation of empowered youth. Yet, as we reflect on his teachings, a poignant question arises: if Swami Vivekananda were alive today, would he be proud of the state of India’s youth?

A Disturbing Landscape

Despite remarkable strides in education, technology, and global recognition, troubling statistics reveal a different narrative. Reports show a disheartening rise in suicides among young students, with academic pressure, bullying, and mental health struggles emerging as significant factors. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, India recorded over 13,000 student suicides in 2022—a grim reminder of the challenges our youth face.

Swami Vivekananda famously said, “Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached.” But how do we encourage this awakening in an environment that often prioritises grades over mental well-being, competition over collaboration, and individual success over collective growth?

Polarisation and Division

In his landmark address at the Parliament of the World’s Religions in Chicago, Vivekananda envisioned a harmonious world, where mutual respect and inclusivity thrived. Yet, incidents of hate crimes in educational institutions paint a different picture. Instead of fostering understanding, many schools struggle to counter narratives of division and intolerance, which are seeping into the minds of impressionable young individuals.

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Vaping is Cool!

Another alarming trend is the increasing prevalence of substance abuse and vaping among teenagers. Easy accessibility and peer influence have made vapes and drugs a growing concern in schools and colleges. Vivekananda’s ideal of youth as paragons of strength and discipline seems to clash with a reality where momentary fun triumphs responsibility.

Are We Listening to the Youth?

One of Vivekananda’s core messages was to listen and understand the needs of the youth, not dictate them. Today’s students crave purpose and authenticity in their pursuits. Yet, our education system largely remains exam-centric, with limited focus on developing emotional resilience, moral values, and critical thinking skills.

The rise of mental health issues highlights the urgent need for robust counselling frameworks in schools. Bullying, academic stress, and societal expectations weigh heavily on students. Swamiji believed in holistic education that nourished the body, mind, and soul—a vision that modern-day institutions must strive to achieve.

The Path Forward

1. Mental Health Awareness: Schools must normalise conversations about mental health. Hiring trained counsellors and introducing life skills education can empower students to cope with stress and trauma.
2. Fostering Inclusivity: Combatting polarisation starts with creating safe spaces for dialogue. Schools can champion diversity and empathy through collaborative activities and community-driven projects.
3. Balanced Education: Beyond academic excellence, education must focus on creativity, moral values, and societal contributions—aligning with Vivekananda’s philosophy of balanced personal and communal growth.
4. Youth Empowerment: Engage students in decision-making processes within educational institutions, giving them a sense of ownership and responsibility.
5. Combatting Addictions: Early intervention and peer education programmes can deter substance abuse. Incorporating discussions on self-control and the consequences of addiction is crucial.

A Call to Action

If Swami Vivekananda were here today, he might be disheartened by some of these realities but would undoubtedly call upon educators, parents, and leaders to rise to the occasion. The Indian youth remain a powerful force capable of leading transformative change, provided they are equipped with the right guidance and support.

As educators and leaders, we must ask ourselves: Are we nurturing the kind of youth Swami Vivekananda dreamed of? Are we empowering them with the tools to think critically, act compassionately, and embrace diversity? Or are we just celebrating the day just for the sake of it? We need to ask real questions. The answers lie in our collective efforts to reshape the educational and societal systems influencing young minds.

Swami Vivekananda’s timeless words echo loudly: “The youth are the pillars of the nation.” It is upon us to ensure that these pillars stand strong, united, and unwavering, ready to lead India toward a brighter and more inclusive future.

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“India will grow only if India reads.” But is India truly reading? Recent statistics reveal a sobering reality: over the past two years, 1.72 crore children have dropped out of school. The Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+) 2023-24 report highlights a worrying decline in school enrolments, dropping from 26.5 crore in 2021-22 to 24.8 crore in 2023-24. This marks the first major fall in six years, raising critical concerns about the robustness of India’s education system.

Inspired by a video report by The Quint, highlighting key insights into India’s education challenges.

A Declining Trend Across States

States like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra have witnessed significant drops in enrolments, with Bihar alone seeing a decline of 35.65 lakh students. At the primary level, enrolments have fallen by 46 lakh in the last year, while secondary-level dropout rates remain alarmingly high. Despite the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020’s ambitious vision of universal access and equity, the stark reality indicates otherwise.

The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), which measures the proportion of students enrolled in a particular level of education against the age-appropriate population, has seen minor dips at most levels. While retention rates are higher at the elementary level, the secondary level remains a challenge, with dropout rates spiking significantly.

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Reasons for the Decline

UDISE+ attributes the decline to several factors:

1. Improved Data Collection: Earlier, children were often dual-enrolled in government and private schools to access benefits. Aadhaar-linked verification has curtailed this practice, reflecting more accurate enrolment figures.
2. Reverse Migration: The COVID-19 pandemic saw families moving back to villages, enrolling their children in government schools. As migration reverses, many students are returning to private schools.

However, these reasons fail to explain why the overall enrolment rate has not stabilised or increased. This raises questions about the authenticity of data in previous years and the systemic gaps in ensuring universal education.

Infrastructure and Teacher Shortages

India’s education system faces significant infrastructural and human resource challenges.

Over 110,000 schools operate with only one teacher, making effective learning nearly impossible.

States like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh report dismal teacher-student ratios, with thousands of teaching positions lying vacant. In Assam, Odisha, and Karnataka, underutilised infrastructure due to low student-to-school ratios further underscores the inefficiency in resource allocation. While digital initiatives have gained traction, only 7% of schools across the country have digital libraries, and fewer have functional computers for educational use. These gaps highlight the urgent need for equitable distribution of resources and investments.

Vision 2025: A Lofty Goal

The NEP 2020 outlines a transformative roadmap for education by 2025, focusing on universal access, quality improvement, and innovation. It aims to:

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• Achieve a 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in school education.
• Integrate vocational education into mainstream curricula.
• Promote multilingualism and mother-tongue instruction in early grades.
• Strengthen teacher training and professional development.

While the vision is commendable, the ground realities paint a different picture. Without addressing foundational challenges such as teacher shortages, inadequate infrastructure, and socio-economic disparities, these goals may remain aspirational rather than achievable.

The Path Forward

To realise its Vision 2025 and the broader aspiration of becoming a global superpower by 2047, India must prioritise education as a critical driver of progress. Key measures include:

1. Investing in Teachers: Teachers are the backbone of any education system. Comprehensive training, better salaries, and improved working conditions are essential to attract and retain talent.
2. Bridging the Infrastructure Gap: Adequate infrastructure, including classrooms, laboratories, and digital resources, must be a priority. States with underutilised resources should focus on optimising their infrastructure to ensure equitable access.
3. Addressing Dropout Rates: Targeted interventions, such as scholarships, counselling, and after-school support, can help retain students, particularly at the secondary level.
4. Fostering Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborations between the government, private sector, and non-profits can enhance resource allocation, innovation, and accountability.
5. Focusing on Data Transparency: Reliable data is critical for effective policymaking. Strengthening systems like UDISE+ to ensure accurate and timely reporting can help identify gaps and track progress.

A Nation’s Future Hinges on Education

As India marches towards its centenary of independence in 2047, its aspirations of becoming a superpower are intrinsically linked to the quality of education it provides. A nation’s strength lies in its people, and education is the cornerstone of human capital development. Bridging the divide between vision and reality requires collective effort, strong political will, and unwavering commitment from all stakeholders.

There has always been a debate about the imperative effects of schools and coaching centers. Schools traditionally focus on comprehensive education whereas coaching centres prioritize exam centric preparation and practical applications. Both have their strengths, and instead of competing, a collaborative approach could combine their expertise to help students learn more effectively.

Schools and coaching centre can align the curriculum for a seamless learning. By strategically aligning together the curriculum requirements. By jointly designing curricula, schools and coaching centres can bridge this gap. Schools can align their syllabus with entrance exam requirements, such as JEE, NEET, or CUET, ensuring that students receive a cohesive education. They can concentrate on building a robust conceptual foundation, while coaching centres can dive deeper into problem-solving techniques and practical applications. It would also create a more streamlined educational journey, creating confidence and reducing stress among students.

Leveraging expertise

Both the institutions have unique strengths in their own methods. A teacher exchange program could be game changing. Experienced instructors from coaching centres can conduct guest lectures or workshops in schools, exposing students to advanced problem-solving strategies and real-world applications. Simultaneously, schoolteachers can share their expertise with coaching centers to create engaging, developmentally apt lessons. This exchange of knowledge would not only enrich the learning experience but also create understanding between the two institutions.

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Sharing Infrastructure and Technology for Mutual Benefit

Infrastructure and technological resources can be major barriers for educational institutions. Collaboration between these two institutions offers a way to maximize existing resources. Schools could allow coaching centers to use their premises after hours, and coaching centers could share tech-enabled tools like smartboards, e-learning platforms, and performance analytics software. Access to such advanced resources not only prepares them better but also make studying more engaging and improving the learning experience.

Jointly developed online platforms could further revolutionize education. These platforms could host assignments, mock tests, and performance dashboards accessible to students 24/7, ensuring continuous learning. Schools and coaching centers could co-create a repository of study materials, video lectures, and practice questions, making quality resources available to all students, regardless of their economic background.

Comprehensive Career

Career guidance is another area where schools and coaching centers can pool their resources. Jointly organized sessions could expose students to a wide range of career opportunities, going beyond traditional streams. Schools can emphasize alignment with students’ developmental milestones, while coaching centers can bring in industry experts to discuss emerging trends and skill requirements. Such sessions can help students make informed decisions about their future, balancing their interests with practical considerations.

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Scholarships and Social Impact Initiatives

Educational equity remains a pressing issue, particularly in a country as diverse as India. Schools and coaching centers can jointly fund scholarships for underprivileged students, ensuring that financial constraints do not hinder access to quality education. These initiatives could include free or subsidized coaching for meritorious students, along with fee waivers for school education.

Beyond scholarships, regular awareness programs on study techniques, time management, and career planning could benefit school and coaching students. These initiatives would not only enhance academic performance but also equip students with essential life skills, laying the foundation for long-term success.

Parent Engagement

Parents play a crucial role in shaping a child’s educational journey, yet they often feel disconnected from the learning process. Schools and coaching centers can work together to keep parents informed and involved. Regular joint keeps parents informed through meetings could provide a comprehensive overview of students’ progress, encompassing academic and extracurricular achievements.

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Bridging Gaps Between Academics and Industry

As the world evolves, so do the skills required to succeed in it. Coaching centers, with their focus on competitive exams, often stay updated on industry trends and requirements. Schools, however, are better equipped to ensure that this knowledge is imparted in a developmentally appropriate manner.

By sharing insights, schools and coaching centers can help students bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical application. By integrating industry-specific case studies into the curriculum or organizing internships can provide students with real-world exposure, preparing them for the challenges ahead.

While competition between schools and coaching centers is inevitable, collaboration holds the potential to transform the educational landscape. By aligning their strengths, these institutions can create a more cohesive, student-centered learning environment. Whether it’s through shared resources, joint initiatives, or innovative teaching methodologies, collaboration can help students achieve their full potential while reducing stress and inefficiencies. The collaborative effort is to reach the ultimate goal of encouraging students to succeed, not just in exams, but in life.

This article is authored by Mr. Anil Kapasi, Managing Director & Co-Founder, Arihant Academy

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Language evolves at a rapid pace, and the younger generation—Gen Z and the emerging Gen Alpha—are taking it to new heights. Social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram have become hotbeds for linguistic innovation, where abbreviations, slang, and newly minted words emerge faster than ever before. Words like “brb,” “slay,” “sus,” and even Oxford’s Word of the Year 2024, “brain rot,” are part of their everyday vocabulary. But amidst this linguistic whirlwind, one question arises: Are teachers catching up?

A Gap in Communication

Imagine a classroom where a student says, “brb! Wanna use the washroom,” and the teacher pauses, unsure of the abbreviation. Such scenarios highlight a communication gap. Research consistently shows that effective communication between students and teachers fosters trust, engagement, and better learning outcomes. According to a 2022 study by Education Week, students who feel understood by their teachers are 45% more likely to excel academically and 30% less likely to skip classes.

However, understanding Gen Z’s and Gen Alpha’s linguistic trends isn’t just about learning a dictionary of slang—it’s about bridging a generational divide and fostering mutual respect.

Tackling the Language Gap

1. Training Teachers on Evolving Language
   One way to address the gap is to provide teachers with targeted training sessions that focus on the language trends of younger generations. These sessions could include decoding popular abbreviations, slang, and even cultural references that dominate social media. This approach can help teachers stay relevant and avoid miscommunication. However, with mounting academic and emotional responsibilities, many educators might find such training an added burden.
2. Building Relationships Through Interaction
   A more organic solution lies in fostering better teacher-student relationships. By engaging in informal conversations with students, teachers can learn their language naturally. This approach not only helps teachers understand evolving slang but also humanises them in the eyes of their students, fostering trust and relatability. Interacting with students on their terms creates a classroom culture of mutual respect and understanding.

The Role of Language in Education

Language is more than just a tool for communication—it shapes relationships and builds cultural bridges. The words of the year like “manifest” and “brat” represent not only linguistic trends but also cultural shifts towards empowerment, individuality, and self-expression. Teachers who understand this language can better connect with their students, appreciating the unique values and pressures they face.

The Words of the Year 2024—‘brain rot’, ‘manifest’, ‘brat’, and ‘demure’—offer educators a glimpse into the psyche of today’s youth.

For example, ‘brain rot’ reflects Gen Z’s awareness of digital overconsumption, while ‘manifest’ underscores their optimism and drive for self-improvement. A teacher who grasps these nuances can integrate them into lessons and discussions, creating a more engaging learning experience.

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Ultimately, understanding the language of younger generations is a two-way street. While teachers can make an effort to decode Gen Z and Gen Alpha slang, students too can adapt to bridge the gap. The key lies in fostering dialogue and mutual respect, ensuring that language differences become a point of connection rather than a barrier.

As language continues to evolve at a breakneck pace, the classroom must remain a space where both students and teachers feel heard and understood. By embracing change and prioritising communication, education can keep up with the times while maintaining its core values.

CLIL or Content and Language Integrated Learning is a relatively new and underutilised pedagogical approach to language learning. It is a generic term referring to the teaching of a curricular subject through a foreign language. The basis of CLIL is that the teaching-learning is carried out in a language that is not the mother tongue of the students. The end objective remains to learn the second language while the content is extracted through other subjects which the students already study as part of their curriculum. It is a dual-focused approach in which both the content and the language are learnt simultaneously.

The CLIL Methodology

The successful implementation of a CLIL programme relies on the collaboration between language teachers and content teachers. Each is an expert in his or her field, so they need to share both their respective ideologies and materials.

A content teacher is someone who teaches a subject — for example, biology, history, or art. This does not mean just teaching the subject in the English medium. These content teachers are not experts in language acquisition or pedagogy as they are experts only in their respective subjects. Content teachers also depend on the support of the language teacher to diffuse the elements of the language into their subject matter. Thus, both types of teachers have to work in close conjunction with one another to make CLIL successful.

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A language teacher is principally responsible for teaching English (or another language), but in the CLIL programme, he or she also supports the content teacher by introducing relevant vocabulary and functional language related to a given subject. This is a more powerful approach to learning a new language as it focuses on the authentic use of language rather than learning it through decontextualized content fragments, memorising grammar rules, or the cramming of curricular subjects.

Let us take the example of a history lesson. The content teacher explains the Civil Disobedience Movement through pictures, demonstrations, and using the textbook in English, and if necessary, the students’ first language. In parallel, the English language teacher might teach students the grammatical structures used for explaining the past tense (simple past, past progressive, and past perfect), the language to describe cause and effect (because of, due to, results in), and word forms (empire, emperor). In summation, the student has learnt both the concept of the Civil Disobedience Movement and can articulate or explain it using appropriate grammar and terminology.

The CLIL Framework

The framework of CLIL is based on the 4Cs i.e., Content (or the subject matter), Cognition (the process of learning and thinking), Communication (the process of interacting and using the language), and Culture (developing an understanding of the language). So, CLIL teaching is not only a matter of learning how to teach both content and language, but also how to integrate them. In this aspect, it is very different from immersion or content-based instruction techniques of language acquisition as it emphasises the need to harmonise language and content-based learning rather than prioritising one over the other.

According to Marsh et al. (2001), students cannot improve their content knowledge and skills without learning the language, because the subjects are discussed, constructed, evaluated and embedded in the language. The basic aspect of learning any language or developing fluency in it is to acquire as much vocabulary as you can. Vocabulary can be divided into three parts: Basic vocabulary, academic vocabulary, and discipline-specific vocabulary. CLIL involves learning to use language appropriately while using language to learn the subject adequately.

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In every CLIL lesson plan given by the University of Cambridge, ESOL examinations it is repeatedly insisted that “Every subject has its content obligatory language which means a subject-specific vocabulary, grammatical structures, and functional expressions”. For instance, a chapter on ‘Plants’ in Grade 3 Science would have vocabulary such as ‘photosynthesis’, ‘stomata’, ‘sunlight’, etc which are domain-specific for science for that level. Therefore, each chunk of content associated with CLIL has a specific vocabulary and the teacher has to relate his/her teaching with the newly learnt vocabulary with the old one, which is also the preliminary step in the CLIL approach.

The Final Word

The objectives of CLIL are varied, but among the most relevant ones are to improve the educational system, to establish the necessary conditions that will allow students to achieve the appropriate level of academic performance in curricular subjects, to develop intercultural understanding and to hone their social and thinking skills. Moreover, CLIL prepares students for the globalized world by increasing their motivation to learn foreign languages and cementing their intercultural competence.

As an approach, CLIL has been very successful in countries such as China, Malaysia and Thailand in promoting content learning and language acquisition. In India too, CLIL is gaining currency slowly and steadily but needs some more research, the willingness to adopt, and flexible implementation. Some initiatives have been taken in this direction. For instance, CLIL@India a 3-year project co-funded by the European Union was a consortium of 7 Universities from India and Europe dedicated to developing a new model of bilingual education by introducing Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) as an innovative pedagogical practice in the Indian education system to preserve the nation’s multilingualism.

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References:

• https://bridge.edu/tefl/blog/what-is-clil/
• https://www.onestopenglish.com/clil/what-is-clil/501038.article
• https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/clil-lesson-framework

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Authored By- Sanjhee Gianchandani 

Sanjhee Gianchandani is an English language curriculum designer and editor with a Master’s from LSR, University of Delhi, and a CELTA from Cambridge. She has authored grammar books, edited over 100 academic and literary works, and specialises in English language teaching (ELT) pedagogy.

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As an educator, I embarked on a fascinating journey with my students to explore the unit “How We Organize Ourselves.” Our approach was rooted in Project-Based Learning (PBL) principles, designed to foster a deeper understanding of complex concepts through hands-on experiences. This article will delve into our collaborative learning process, highlighting the integration of technology, critical thinking, and creativity.

Provocation and Inquiry 

Our journey began with a thought-provoking exercise in the “messy library,” where students were tasked with rearranging books using various systems, such as genre, color code, language, or alphabetical order. This activity sparked critical thinking, encouraging students to think creatively and develop problem-solving skills As they shared their experiences, they naturally incorporated vocabulary related to systems, voting, disagreements, rules, and strategies, laying the groundwork for future connections.

Gallery Walk and Comic Strips 

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The next step was a gallery walk, where students engaged with comic strips depicting different forms of government. By analyzing the images and dialogues, they began to grasp the underlying concepts and connect them to their previous library experience. This visual approach facilitated a deeper understanding of how governments function as systems

Tech Integration and Infographics 

To further explore the democratic form of government, students conducted research and created infographics using Canva. This tech integration enabled them to effectively communicate their thoughts and analyze the features of democracy in various countries Their presentations not only showcased their understanding but also encouraged critical thinking about the differences in governance across nations.

Language Curriculum Integration 

As we transitioned from democracy to monarchy, the language curriculum was seamlessly integrated. Students received case studies of 10 different monarchs and, through reading analysis and evidence-based claims, developed a deeper understanding of these systems. By presenting their findings through mini lessons, they gained confidence in their comprehension and re-examined the diverse approaches of monarchs in handling their countries’ situations.

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Independent Research and Comparison 

To solidify their understanding, students conducted independent research on another form of government using the 5-step research process. This exercise allowed them to dive deeper into the concept of various governance systems and create personalized notes to reinforce their knowledge. As an assessment task, they compared and contrasted different forms of government using a comparison chart, leveraging their previous experience with infographics and graphic organizers to organize their thoughts systematically.

Strategic Planning and Critical Thinking 

Throughout this journey, strategic planning and clarity of critical thinking skills enabled students to organize their understanding in a more effective manner. By analyzing and evaluating information, they developed a deeper comprehension of the various forms of government

Taking Action: Creating a New Government System 

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With a solid foundation of knowledge, students took the next step by forming their own government system. They crafted their own constitution, preamble, and even experimented with combining two forms of government to create a new one. This hands-on experience empowered them to think critically and creatively, applying their understanding to real-world scenarios.

Therefore, this integrated and project-based learning journey not only deepened students’ understanding of governance systems but also cultivated essential skills in critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity. By embracing a student-centered approach, we can empower young minds to become active participants in shaping their own learning experiences.

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This article is authored by- Arushi Sikri, IB PYP Educator, Prometheus School, Noida

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