Inspiration
Read this to know more about Prof. Sugata Mitra and his work in education
Best known for his Hole in the Wall experiment and widely cited in works on literacy and education, Prof Sugata Mitra’s belief in the power of self-organized learning to shape the future of education is immensely inspiring.
Education scientist and researcher, Professor Sugata Mitra is a name that gets anyone and everyone in the field of education and pedagogy excited and thrilled. He is synonymous with adjectives like out of the box, fresh and innovative. He is best known for his Hole in the Wall experiment, which proves that it is high time we break the barriers of conventional rote learning and teach with the use of advancements in technology and the internet to impart education and make our children self-sufficient learners.
A strong proponent of ‘Just in Time’ learning, he believes that the role of teachers is indispensable but what they need to do is not teach from textbooks.
He avers, “Teachers need to enable children to do ‘Just in Time’ learning. How to learn quickly, accurately, how to search for the right thing – this is our job! So the job is changing. If teachers could realise that, then they wouldn’t have this attitude of ‘Technology is evil, technology will take away my job!’ We have to understand, technology doesn’t remain technology.
You don’t think my clothes are technology, do you? It was once upon a time huge technology! My watch, my shoes, they used to be technology – they are not technology anymore. To the generation that is growing up, the internet and smartphones are not technology; they are things that you live with. If children have interest, then education happens.”
Prof Sugata believes that we can achieve better outcomes with minimally invasive education – i.e. when children can teach themselves.
He says, “It's quite fashionable to say that the education system is broken — it's not broken, it's wonderfully constructed. It's just that we don't need it anymore. It's outdated.”
Currently, he is Professor of Educational Technology at the School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences at Newcastle University, UK. Simultaneously, he pursues his passion for implementation of minimally invasive education in the economically backward sections of society in India.
He is the winner of TED Prize, 2013.
Early life and education
Prof Sugata Mitra was born to a Bengali family in Calcutta. He finished schooling from St. Xavier’s High School, Delhi in 1969. He went on to do a Bachelor of Science (BSc.) with honours in Physics from Jadavpur University, Calcutta, in 1973. He completed his Master of Science (MSc.) in Physics with specialisation in Solid State Electronics, Acoustic Holography and Quantum Biology from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1975. He earned a Ph.D. in Theoretical Solid State Physics of Organic Semiconductors, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1978.
He went on to research battery technology at the Centre for Energy Studies in the IIT, and later at the Technische Universität, Vienna. He published a paper on a zinc-chlorine battery and a speculative paper on why the human sense organs are located where they are.
Hole in the Wall experiment and its reception
On January 26, 1999, in collaboration with the Delhi government, a team led by Dr. Sugata Mitra, then Chief Scientist at National Institute of Information Technology (NIIT), carved open a section of a wall adjoining the NIIT campus and placed a computer with internet there. This was used by children, without supervision, from the adjacent slum in Kalkaji, New Delhi and thus Hole in the Wall was born.
He found that children using learning stations like these required little or no inputs from teachers and learnt on their own by the process of exploration, discovery and peer coaching. The idea of Minimally Invasive Education (MIE) has crystallised over a period of time-based on observations and educational experiments conducted at NIIT. Minimally Invasive Education is defined as a pedagogic method that uses the learning environment to generate an adequate level of motivation to induce learning in groups of children, with minimal, or no, intervention by a teacher. Within a month, the children knew how the internet worked.
MIE uses children's natural curiosity and focuses on providing an enabling environment where they can learn on their own. Children, in the process of freely experimenting with the Learning Station, pick up critical problem-solving skills. It also provides a collaborative setting where children can share their knowledge and in the process, develop better group dynamics, all in a highly natural environment.
MIE's uniqueness is its ability to attract children towards the Learning Station driven purely by their own interests. Conventional pedagogy, on the other hand, focuses on the teacher's ability to disseminate information in a classroom setting. MIE thus complements the formal schooling system by providing a much-needed balance for children to learn on their own and provides a holistic learning experience.
In the 18 years that have passed since, the Hole in the Wall concept has spread to Kerala, Maharashtra and more states across India. In Delhi, these computers have been set up in Lajpat Nagar and Alipur. The project was also the inspiration behind the novel Q and A by Vikas Swarup, an IFS officer. This novel led to the Oscar-winning Slumdog Millionaire. The project is truly lighting the spark of learning in children all over India.
For children, it is an extension of their playground where they can play together, teach each other new things, and more importantly, just be themselves.
Prof Mitra is expanding his project to UK primary schools, using the same techniques to help children in Gateshead as he used in India. He believes that it can be used in failing schools that aren't attracting the best teachers. His idea has been implemented in a Mexican school with great effect. The class went from a 0 to 63 percent in the excellent category on the Maths exam while failing scores went from 45 percent down to 7 percent.
Across the nation, children with access to Learning Stations showed improved academic scores!
A national research programme was started, in which Learning Stations were set up in 23 locations across rural India. In 2004, the Hole in the Wall reached Cambodia through the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.
In an internal restructuring, in July 2013, NIIT Foundation (NF) which started in 2004 as a not for profit society with a mandate to reach the unreached, uncared and unattended for, ensuring inclusive development in India has been entrusted to implement the Hole in the Wall Education Project (HiWEP).
With this, HiWEP is now poised to scale up the idea of Hole in the Wall to make a significant contribution to improving elementary education and life skills of children across the world, especially those in disadvantaged communities in rural areas and urban slums.
Since then it has already implemented more than 100 Hole in the Wall Learning Stations in India as a part of CSR initiatives of various corporates.
School in the Cloud and SOLEs (Self-Organised Learning Environments)
In addition to opening physical learning stations of varying sizes, Prof Mitra is creating a Granny Cloud, a global network of retired teachers who support kids through an online School in the Cloud platform. Granny Cloud is a platform where children interact with online 'grannies' to engage in a wide range of informal activities.
His goal is to share the Self-Organised Learning Environments (SOLE) method with parents, teachers, after-school programmes, and communities worldwide, and transform the way kids learn.
What makes this work is the universal 'grandmother' approach, where children get to interact with a person who is encouraging and appreciates their efforts, and in doing so enables them to learn what they need and also find out more about what interests them.
The need for the Granny Cloud became apparent during the preliminary experiences in the SOLEs. The SOLEs were originally initiated to provide educational support for children in remote, disadvantaged settings in rural and urban areas in India.
The SOLE approach appealed to many educators worldwide and is now used by many teachers and schools in their own classrooms. The School in the Cloud joins these two components together and will bring in the Grannies who will use the SOLE approach in these settings.
In November 2013, the first School in the Cloud learning lab — located inside a high school in Killingworth, England — opened its doors to students. Since then, six more learning labs have been built — one more in the UK and five across India.
Mitra has also launched the School in the Cloud platform which ensures that anyone, anywhere, can experiment with self-organised learning. As of 2016, more than 16,000 SOLE sessions have taken place globally, with partner learning labs and programmes scattered across the world — including in Pakistan, Colombia, and Greece. Newcastle University opened SOLE Central in 2014, as a global hub for research on self-organised learning. The platform is managed at the university's culture lab. He wishes to help design the future of learning by supporting children all over the world to tap into their innate sense of wonder. He says, “Help me build the School in the Cloud, a learning lab in India, where children can embark on intellectual adventures by engaging and connecting with information and mentoring online. I also invite you, wherever you are, to create your own miniature child-driven learning environments and share your discoveries.”
Thousands of people from Colombia to South Africa have also downloaded his SOLE toolkit for use in their homes and classrooms, experimenting with his learning method on the ground. They are also sharing their discoveries to help advance his research.
School in the Cloud is the subject of a documentary by director Jerry Rothwell, winner of TED Prize Filmmaker Award.
Digital Learning and the Shift
He explains that we humans have a tendency to approach something critically, especially when it is new. He says sadly many approach the internet and digital learning that way. Before the internet or books were around, we were taught by people who knew the subject. To explain his point, he says “Why do you have to be taught? Because you don’t have access to that information easily. This was the case, for example, in the 15th century, where if you wanted to learn something, you had to find an expert and ask him or her to please explain it to you. So that’s where the teaching bit comes. When books came, which was the first sort of impact of technology, suddenly the teacher’s knowledge could be tapped into a non-human form – the book. And there was equal controversy, I believe, at that time about the fact that books were going to ruin the education system! ‘What will teachers now do? Children will just pick up the book and they will figure it out!’
Then the teachers said, ‘No, that’s not going to happen because how do you know which book you have to read? The teacher will tell you!’ So, the curriculum, the library, the books, that kind of system came in. This happens for the first 17 years of your life because after that, once you get into your job, you don’t have access to all those books. You can’t carry your library on your head – you have to have it inside your head! So if you are lost, you are stuck, you are on a ship going somewhere and you want to know where you are, you use your sextant, point to a star, you use your knowledge of trigonometry, you look at your watch and you figure it out. All this you learnt in the first 17 years. But what happens when you can carry the library with you?
That’s the shift that we are going through. Not just the library, you can carry everything with you! So, if you’re now stuck on a ship, the new generation looks at a sextant and says, ‘What is this?’ Then you say ‘Well, trigonometry…’ and he says, ‘What is that?’ And you say, ‘But how will you find out where you are?’ And the new generation will say, ‘Here’s my phone’. We have to make that shift.
“Thanks to the internet, packing your head for the first 17 years of your life, like a suitcase for a journey, is no longer required. The stuff is available everywhere – whenever you need it, you can have it.”
He believes, “It is high time we change our approach to teaching. We need to make children curious about something so that they look it up and learn, thereby reversing the process of learning. This generation doesn’t take orders, not because they are indisciplined – we often think they are indisciplined but every generation says this about the next! Nobody is indisciplined, we are just adjusting and living in our time. So we need to make that change and adapt.”
Conclusion
To us at ScooNews, Prof Mitra is not just the brain behind several brilliant and innovative learning experiments and methods. He has been a mentor and he has been constantly supportive of our work. He was even gracious enough to be the keynote speaker at the ScooNews Global Educators Fest 2017. He inspires us to think out of the ordinary and come up with new and fresh ideas in the realm of education.
In the current education scenario, students are rewarded for memorisation, not imagination or resourcefulness. Prof Mitra is an inspiration to educators worldwide and we hope that his ideas can revolutionise the learning system and pedagogy in India, thereby producing better results. We need to follow his advice and make changes in our system to make it more efficient for our children, particularly to impart primary education. The concept of pointless memorisation, which is undoubtedly a burden for the students, needs to come to an end and “real learning” needs to start. We can make it happen.
Like he rightly said, “Knowing is NOT the most important thing. To be able to FIND OUT is more important than knowing.”
This story was published in ScooNews April 2018 special issue dedicated to Prof. Sugata Mitra and his work.
All images used for representational purposes only and are the copyright of their respective owners.
Every year, on October 31, India comes together to observe Ekta Diwas or National Unity Day, a significant occasion that commemorates the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a stalwart in India’s struggle for independence and the nation’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. Born in 1875, Patel’s legacy reverberates through the annals of history, especially for his pivotal role in integrating the princely states and colonial provinces, shaping the modern map of India post its independence from British rule.
In 2014, the Government of India declared this day as National Unity Day, a heartfelt tribute to Sardar Patel’s monumental contributions to the nation’s unity, integrity, and security. This declaration signifies more than just a date on the calendar; it embodies the collective strength and resilience of India against internal and external threats.
The celebrations on National Unity Day are vibrant and diverse, reflecting the essence of India’s rich cultural tapestry. Various activities, such as runs for unity, pledge-taking ceremonies, cultural programs, debates, quizzes, essay competitions, and exhibitions about Sardar Patel’s life, mark the day. The focal point of these celebrations is the Statue of Unity, the world’s tallest statue standing at 182 meters (597 feet), dedicated to Sardar Patel. This colossal statue, situated near the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada river in Gujarat, Sardar Patel’s home state, was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on October 31, 2018.
National Unity Day is not merely a ritual; it is a day of inspiration. It urges the citizens of India to emulate Sardar Patel’s ideals of unity, patriotism, and selfless service. Beyond that, it serves as a reminder, urging the nation to recall the sacrifices and struggles of the freedom fighters who toiled for India’s independence and integration. It is a day to cherish India’s diversity, a unique feature of its culture and identity, and a day to recommit ourselves to preserving the unity, integrity, and sovereignty of our nation.
This day is a call to action, reminding every Indian of their duty towards their motherland. It instills a sense of national pride, fostering a spirit of belonging among the citizens. National Unity Day promotes harmony and brotherhood, serving as a beacon of India’s secular and democratic values enshrined in its Constitution. It strengthens our resolve, reminding us that as a united nation, we can face any challenge that comes our way.
National Unity Day stands as a testament to India’s unity in diversity. It is not just a tribute to Sardar Patel; it is a celebration of his legacy, a legacy that unites the hearts of every Indian. On this day, we salute him not just as a leader but as an icon of national unity, reminding us of the strength we possess when we stand together as one, undivided nation.
As we observe National Unity Day, let us reflect on Sardar Patel’s wisdom and vision. Let us embrace the diversity that defines us and work hand in hand to build a stronger, more united India for the generations to come.
On the occasion of World Students’ Day 2023, celebrated on 15th October 2023, we are showcasing stories of student entrepreneurs who are nothing less than an inspiration. They have left their indelible mark on the world through their work and innovation
Student entrepreneurs are young people who start their own businesses while pursuing their education. They are driven by their passion, creativity, and innovation to solve problems and create value in the market. Student entrepreneurship is a growing phenomenon in India, as more and more students are taking up the challenge of becoming their own bosses. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Report 2020-21, approximately 81 percent of youth in India reported having the skills and knowledge needed to start a business. A survey by Amway India also revealed that over 60 percent of students in the country consider entrepreneurship as a good prospect for earning a livelihood. Some of the successful student entrepreneurs in India include Ritesh Agarwal of OYO Rooms, Bhavish Aggarwal of Ola Cabs, and Kunal Shah of Freecharge. Student entrepreneurship can be a rewarding career option for young Indians who want to make a difference in the world.
Aadit Palicha and Kaivalya Vohra are the young entrepreneurs behind Zepto, India’s fastest-growing delivery platform that promises to deliver anything within 10 minutes. The duo met as childhood friends in Dubai and later enrolled in Stanford University, where they dropped out to pursue their dream of building a disruptive startup.
Zepto was launched in Mumbai in 2021, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, when the demand for online delivery services was soaring. The company leveraged its network of hyperlocal warehouses and delivery partners to offer a wide range of products, from groceries and medicines to electronics and fashion, at affordable prices and lightning speed. The company soon attracted the attention of investors and customers alike, reaching a valuation of $200 million in just one month of operation. By the end of 2022, Zepto had become a unicorn, valued at $900 million, and expanded to over 20 cities across India. The company also made history by making its co-founders the youngest billionaires in India, with Aadit Palicha’s net worth estimated at Rs 1,200 crore and Kaivalya Vohra’s at Rs 1,000 crore.
Palicha, just 23-year-old and Vohra, in his early 20’s have also been recognized for their achievements by various prestigious platforms, such as Forbes’ 30 Under 30 for Asia, Times of India’s Unstoppable 21, and Wikitia. They are regarded as the rising stars of the Indian startup ecosystem and an inspiration for many aspiring entrepreneurs.
Tilak Mehta is a 15-year-old entrepreneur who founded Paper n Parcels, a delivery platform that offers same-day delivery services within the city at low costs. He started his business when he was 13 years old, after facing a problem of getting his books delivered from his uncle’s place. He came up with the idea of using the Mumbai Dabbawalas, who are known for their efficient and reliable delivery of lunch boxes, to deliver other items as well.
Paper n Parcels has grown to become one of the most successful startups in India, with an annual turnover of Rs 100 crore. The company provides shipping and logistics solutions to various businesses, using its online platform and network of partners and suppliers. Paper n Parcels also offers value-added services such as parcel tracking, order management, and shipping insurance.
Tilak Mehta is an inspiration for many young aspiring entrepreneurs in India. He has been recognised by various prestigious platforms such as Forbes’ 30 Under 30 for Asia, Times of India’s Unstoppable 21. He is also a TEDx speaker and the youngest Forbes panellist. He believes that age is no barrier to innovation and success.
Divya Gandotra Tandon is a rising star in India’s entrepreneurial landscape. She is the founder and director of Scoop Beats Private Limited, a company that provides digital media solutions and content creation services. She is also the chief operating officer of ASTNT Technologies Private Limited, a company that offers web development, app development, and digital marketing services.
Divya started her career as a tech YouTuber at the age of 13, with a channel named Technical Divya. She later changed it to Tech Divya, which has over 30 thousand subscribers. She has collaborated with brands like Aquaconnect, Lazy Gardener, Coolpad, Infinix, and ASCENT Technologies. She has also attended launch events and confidential meetings of various tech companies.
Divya is not just an entrepreneur but also an influential figure in various domains. She is also the chairperson of the KiranPrakash Social Welfare Foundation, a role that reflects her commitment to giving back to society and making a positive impact.
Pranjali Awasthi is a teenage prodigy who has made a mark in the world of AI with her startup, Delv.AI She founded the company in 2022, when she was just 15 years old, and has raised nearly Rs 4 crore in funding at a valuation of Rs 100 crore.
Awasthi’s passion for technology and entrepreneurship was inspired by her father, who is a computer engineer and taught her coding when she was seven years old. She moved from India to Florida when she was 11 years old, where she got access to computer science classes and competitive math programs. She also landed an internship at the research labs of Florida International University, where she worked on machine learning projects.
Advait Thakur is a young and dynamic entrepreneur who has made a name for himself in the Indian tech industry. He is the founder and CEO of Apex Infosys India, a company that provides innovative solutions in automation, networking, and digital media. He is also a computer programmer, an AI researcher, and a tech influencer.
Advait’s passion for technology started at an early age. He launched his first website at the age of nine and became a Google, Bing, and Hubspot certified professional. He has worked with Google’s AI and Cloud Platform for several years and has developed various applications and projects using them. He has also collaborated with brands like Aquaconnect, Lazy Gardener, Coolpad, Infinix, and ASCENT Technologies.
Advait is not just a successful entrepreneur but also a social change-maker. He co-founded Crophle, a social enterprise that aims to improve the agricultural supply chain and empower small farmers. He is also the chairperson of the KiranPrakash Social Welfare Foundation, a non-profit organization that works for the welfare of underprivileged children and women.
Inspiration
Nurturing Teenage Minds: The Imperative Need for Mental Health Awareness in India’s Curriculum
In the bustling classrooms of India’s educational institutions, among the faces of countless teenagers like Hunar, Janhavi, Krishh, and Zahra, lies an untold story- the story of silent battles with mental health. India’s youth faces a silent epidemic of mental health issues, and it is time to address these crisis head-on through an essential addition to our curriculum with mental health awareness. Anvi Kumar, Founder, of The Mind Canvas, discusses through a real-life example the importance of mental well-being among children.
The Silent Epidemic Among Teens
Among the many statistics and data points that highlight India’s mental health crisis, it is alarming to note that teenagers are particularly vulnerable. Hunar, a bright 14-year-old student from New Delhi, has felt this firsthand. The pressure to excel academically, paired with societal expectations, took a toll on his mental well-being. Like many of his peers, Hunar struggled with anxiety and stress.
Janhavi, his classmate, has her own battles. The relentless competition for college admissions and the burden of expectations weighed heavily on her shoulders. She realized that academic success should not come at the cost of her mental health.
Krishh, in their class, spent hours online, finding solace in the virtual world. While the internet offered a sense of connection and escape, it also presented its own set of challenges, such as cyberbullying and the addictive allure of screen time.
Meanwhile, Zahra, grapples with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a condition that made her daily life a constant struggle. The stigma surrounding mental health issues only made her battle more arduous.
Breaking the Silence Through Education
Hunar, Janhavi, Krishh, and Zahra represent countless teenagers who need support and understanding. These young minds are not just future leaders but also the heart of our society. We must acknowledge their emotional well-being as the foundation for a brighter future. Mental health education in our curriculum is the first step in this direction. It helps students like Hunar understand that they are not alone, that it’s okay to ask for help when they need it, and that their mental health matters just as much as their grades. Janhavi, having experienced the struggles firsthand, believes that discussing mental health openly in schools can break the stigma and normalize seeking help when needed. She’s convinced that such discussions would have helped her navigate the turbulent waters of adolescence more effectively. Krishh, recognizing the allure and pitfalls of the internet, emphasizes the importance of teaching teenagers how to manage screen time, navigate online challenges, and foster healthy offline relationships. Zahra, with her personal battle against OCD, knows that early education about mental health would have helped her understand her condition better and seek treatment sooner.
A Personal Approach to Education to create a lasting impact, mental health education must be personalized and integrated across subjects and grade levels. It’s about fostering empathy and understanding among students. It’s about equipping educators like Hunar’s teacher with the tools to recognize signs of distress and provide support. Hunar, who once felt overwhelmed, now finds solace in knowing that he can discuss his anxieties openly with his teachers and peers. Janhavi’s school has introduced regular sessions on stress management and emotional well-being, making her academic journey more manageable. Krishh’s school offers guidance on responsible internet use, empowering him to make informed choices online. Zahra’s struggles with OCD have become less isolating as her school promotes understanding and acceptance of mental health challenges.
Incorporating mental health awareness into India’s curriculum is not a mere choice; it’s a moral and societal responsibility. It’s about nurturing the minds of teenagers like Hunar, Janhavi, Krishh, and Zahra, ensuring they not only excel academically but also navigate their emotional well-being successfully. It’s time to break the silence, end the stigma, and empower our youth with the knowledge and support they need to thrive both in and out of the classroom. By doing so, we invest in a healthier, happier future for India.
NOTE- On the occasion of World Mental Health Day 2023 observed on October 10th, ScooNews has dedicated this week to amplifying the voices of the education fraternity on the Inclusion of mental health in our curriculum. Stay tuned for the whole week, we will be coming up with stories and articles on mental health in education.
This article commences the series #ScooNewsforMentalHealth campaign.
In India, we pay homage to our teachers every year on September 5th. But the world celebrates a group of unsung heroes who wield pens and knowledge rather than capes and superpowers on 5th October every year as World Teachers’ Day. It is a day dedicated to recognizing and honoring the pivotal role educators play in shaping the future of our society. This year’s theme, “The Teachers We Need for the Education We Want: The Global Imperative to Reverse the Teacher Shortage,” calls attention to a critical issue facing not only India but the entire world – the scarcity of teachers.
However, beyond this day of homage lies a stark reality. According to recent research, India faces a daunting shortage of over one million school teachers, both in traditional classrooms and the increasingly important digital realm. The ‘2021 State of the Education Report for India: No Teacher, No Class’ by UNESCO paints a grim picture, revealing that approximately 1.1 lakh schools in India are single-teacher entities, and a staggering 19% of teaching positions, totaling 11.16 lakh, remain vacant nationwide. These numbers not only highlight the shortage but also underscore the rural-urban disparity, gender imbalance, and the myriad challenges that teachers face. But India is not alone in this crisis. Globally, the shortage of teachers is a critical issue, particularly in low and middle-income countries. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics warns that nearly 69 million new teachers are needed to achieve universal primary and secondary education by 2030.
In the realm of education, there exists a fine line that separates teachers from real-life educators. While teachers impart knowledge within the confines of a classroom, educators transcend these boundaries, touching lives and breaking barriers. On this World Teachers’ Day, here are some real-life heroes who don’t wear capes but wield pens and paper, proving that it only takes one educator to change a million lives.
Dr. Bharat Saran: A Doctor of Dreams
Dr. Bharat Saran’s journey began in the challenging landscape of Rajasthan’s Barmer district. Born into a world where resources were scarce, he faced an education system devoid of teachers and devoid of guidance. Despite these odds, he held an unshakable dream of becoming a doctor, a dream that would lead to profound change.
Completing his 12th grade in a government school in 2003, Dr. Saran’s path was marked by economic hardships. Yet, undeterred, he joined a coaching institute in Kota, Rajasthan, while simultaneously tutoring financially disadvantaged students. Years of unwavering dedication bore fruit when he secured admission to a government medical college in Kota to pursue MBBS. However, his mission went beyond personal success; it led to the establishment of the ‘Fifty Villagers Seva Sansthan’ in Barmer, dedicated to providing free hostel facilities and educational support to orphaned students who had completed their secondary education.
Dr. Lalita Sharma: Fostering Excellence through Diversity
Dr. Lalita Sharma, within the Abhakunj Welfare Society, has woven a diverse team of teachers and volunteers who selflessly dedicate their time and skills. This organization thrives on the contributions of retired professionals, homemakers, working professionals, and interns, with Dr. Lalita herself mentoring teachers, including retired professionals and engineers. Their collective mission is to shape the lives of underprivileged children, with a team of trained volunteers and interns from universities and colleges making valuable contributions.
Aarti Naik: Breaking the Chains of Slum-based Girls’ Education Challenges
Aarti Naik’s story unfolds in Mumbai’s sprawling slums. Despite adversity and a substandard education system, she pursued her dream after failing her 10th grade, defying her parents’ wishes. Her determination revealed the urgent need to transform the outlook on girls’ education in her community. Aarti launched an initiative to reshape mindsets and break the cycle of poverty ensnaring many young girls in Indian slums.
Aditya Kumar aka ‘Cycle Wale Guruji’: Pedaling Towards Education
Aditya Kumar from Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, embarked on an extraordinary mission – providing quality education to underprivileged children while cycling across India. As ‘Cycle Wale Guruji,’ he made every place he stopped a classroom for the day, symbolizing the extraordinary efforts some educators make to bring quality education to those in need.
Keshav Datta: Creating Scalable Models for Social Welfare through Education
Keshav Datta recognized the transformative power of education from a young age and established the Sarvahitey NGO to create scalable models for positive change. His unwavering belief in the potential of education is inspiring a movement where everyone can contribute in their unique way, forging a better tomorrow for all in India.
On this World Teachers’ Day, let our hearts unite in celebration. We honor not only the heroes of yesteryears but also stand in solidarity with every educator shaping the future. They blur the lines between the roles we assign and showcase the limitless possibilities when we embrace the spirit of true education. Their tireless dedication and boundless passion illuminate the path of knowledge for generations to come. Together, we can uplift these unsung champions and ensure that the beacon of education continues to shine brightly, lighting the way for a brighter tomorrow.
To know more about such Educators, read our special issue dedicated to “Teacher Warriors” Read Here.
Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the Indian nation, was not just a political leader but a philosopher and a visionary who advocated for peace, non-violence, and social justice. His ideas and principles continue to inspire millions worldwide. To ensure that future generations understand and appreciate his legacy, there is a growing call to incorporate Gandhi’s ideology into school curricula.
Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of education transcended mere academic knowledge; it aimed to shape individuals into well-rounded, self-reliant citizens capable of contributing to society. In his words, “An education which does not teach us to discriminate between good and bad, to assimilate the one and eschew the other, is a misnomer.” Gandhi envisioned a holistic approach to education that focused not only on intellectual growth but also on physical labor, vocational training, and moral development.
Exploring Gandhi’s ideology in school curricula unveils a rich tapestry of principles that encompass his enduring legacy. At the heart of it all lies non-violence, or Ahimsa, a powerful force for achieving social and political change that fosters peace and harmony by teaching the art of conflict resolution without resorting to violence. Truth, known as Satya, stands as a cornerstone, championing honesty, integrity, and transparency in words and actions, molding students into pillars of virtue. Self-reliance, or Swadeshi, echoes the call for economic independence, sustainability, and entrepreneurship, urging individuals and communities to stand on their own feet. In the pursuit of a balanced life, simplicity, or Sarvodaya, is celebrated, offering a countermeasure to materialism, consumerism, and environmental degradation. Lastly, the principle of Equality, or Samanvaya, champions the fight against discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender, paving the way for inclusivity, social justice, and equality within the walls of our educational institutions.
Education should serve a dual purpose, he believed that every individual had a right to the necessities of life but also a duty to engage in manual labor to support society and there should be a system where students learned the dignity of labor and regarded it as a patriotic duty to pay for their training through their work. In Gandhi’s scheme of education, the ultimate goal was the harmonious development of all aspects of human personality: body, mind, and spirit. He stressed the need for a balanced approach that nurtured physical fitness, intellectual capacity, and moral values.
Today, as we mark the ninth anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and observe the Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign from September 15th to October 2nd, it is a fitting moment to contemplate the enduring wisdom of Mahatma Gandhi on the occasion of his 154th birth anniversary. In his vision for a ‘Clean India,‘ Gandhi placed emphasis not only on physical cleanliness but also on the purity of the mind and soul. He firmly believed that genuine cleanliness extended beyond our immediate environment to encompass our thoughts, deeds, and core values. As we recall Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s words during the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission in 2014, “A clean India would be the most meaningful tribute that our nation could offer to honor Mahatma Gandhi.”
In our rapidly evolving world, the need for an education rooted in Gandhian principles is more crucial than ever. It is not merely a choice but a necessity, a pathway to nurture individuals who are not just intellectually adept but also socially conscious and ethically grounded. As we look forward, let us embrace the spirit of Gandhian education, transforming it from a beacon of hope into a tangible reality for generations to come.
World Environmental Health Day 2023 brings with it a poignant reminder of our collective responsibility towards the planet. As we stand at a critical juncture in the fight against environmental degradation, the role of educational institutions in promoting sustainability and environmental health takes center stage. In this article, we delve into the multifaceted realm of sustainable school practices, focusing on their role in reducing the carbon footprint, addressing wastage, and nurturing environmental health in the Indian context. We will also explore why education centers should place sustainability at the core of their educational mission.
One of the most pressing environmental issues of our time is the burgeoning carbon footprint. Educational institutions, as hubs of knowledge and innovation, possess immense potential to influence this paradigm. Through conscientious efforts to reduce carbon emissions, educational institutions can significantly contribute to a healthier planet. Implementing energy-efficient systems, promoting eco-friendly transportation options, and advocating for responsible resource consumption are just a few ways in which educational institutions can lead the charge in carbon footprint reduction.
Addressing Wastage
Wastage in educational institutions extends beyond the disposal of materials; it encompasses valuable resources like energy, water, and food. Sustainable school practices necessitate a vigilant approach to resource management. Educational institutions can adopt recycling programs, implement water-saving measures, and promote responsible food consumption. Moreover, teaching students about the consequences of wastefulness instills lifelong values of resource conservation. On addressing this issue, Yashraj Garg, Co-founder, Envirocare Foundation, a social and non-profit initiative said, “To begin with, schools can employ imaginative, artistic mediums, such as visual and literary arts, to cultivate eco-friendly mindsets among students. By raising awareness through creativity, we can foster a collective commitment to sustainable daily practices. Additionally, schools should establish avenues for expression and advocacy, like clubs and waste management initiatives, within their communities. Such inclusive initiatives can broaden students’ perspectives on climate change’s social dimensions. Addressing food waste within school cafeterias is paramount. Implementing technology-driven food preservation models and involving students in socio-environmental projects can drastically reduce wastage.”
Environmental Health in India: A Multifaceted Challenge
India grapples with a profound environmental health challenge, with air pollution standing out as a major concern. According to IQAir’s World Air Quality Report 2021, India ranks as the fifth most polluted country globally among 117 assessed regions. In 2021, the country’s annual average PM2.5 levels reached a staggering 58.1 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³), significantly exceeding the World Health Organization’s guideline of 10 µg/m³ for annual mean PM2.5 concentrations. The situation is exacerbated by the return to pre-quarantine pollution levels observed in 2019, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) reports that, as of September 22, 2023, India’s National Air Quality Index (NAQI) stood at a moderate value of 78. However, many cities, including Bhiwadi (162), Pune (149), Jalandhar (147), and Gurugram (138), faced poor or very poor air quality levels. The primary sources of air pollution in India encompass fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and dust.
India’s environmental health challenges encompass a broad spectrum of issues, from air pollution to access to safe water and sanitation, extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and emerging infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), environmental factors accounted for a staggering 26% of total deaths and 25% of the total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India in 2019. Leading causes of environmental mortality and morbidity include lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and stroke.
While India grapples with these challenges, it has also undertaken significant initiatives to enhance its environmental health situation. Key programs include the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP). These initiatives reflect India’s commitment to addressing pressing environmental concerns.
Educational Institutions Leading the Way
Notably, several educational institutions in India have emerged as pioneers in reducing their carbon footprint and promoting sustainability on their campuses.
The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, achieved a remarkable feat by reducing its carbon footprint by over 50%. This achievement was accomplished through the strategic purchase of power from green generators and the installation of solar panels on campus rooftops. The institute also implements an innovative waste management system that converts organic waste into biogas and compost.
Similarly, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College (SREC) in Coimbatore has undertaken a meticulous study of its carbon emissions from January 2018 to December 2019. The study revealed that the college emitted just 5.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per student per year, surpassing the national average of 6.7 tonnes CO2e per capita per year. SREC has adopted a range of sustainable measures, including the use of LED lighting, energy-efficient appliances, rainwater harvesting systems, and biodegradable packaging materials.
One such example is provided by Pallavee Dhaundiyal Panthry, Chief Communication Advisor, World of Circular Economy (WOCE), an organisation in environment, climate, and sustainability solutions, “As we stand on the precipice of a world grappling with environmental challenges, schools emerge as beacons of hope, illuminating the path toward a sustainable future. The question at the forefront of this journey is: How can we help individuals adopt ‘Sustainable Human Behavior’ to support the growth of all people and help them lead a life of dignity, thereby creating a culture of sustainability among the masses? For instance, take the example of the Green School in Bali, Indonesia. Their curriculum goes beyond traditional education; it’s a holistic approach to sustainability. Students there learn about sustainable farming practices, participate in reforestation efforts, and engage in constructing eco-friendly bamboo buildings. Picture students on field trips, immersing themselves in the intricacies of ecology, their hands in the soil, planting seasonal crops, and nurturing an eco-agricultural sensibility. Schools should foster an environment of open discourse — a sanctuary where students commune, exchange ideas, and champion a more environmentally sustainable future for all. Schools must integrate sustainability into their very DNA. It’s not a subject but a way of life, an ethos that guides every decision and action.”
Sustainability has evolved from a buzzword into a moral imperative. Educational institutions are not merely centers of academic learning but also institutions tasked with shaping responsible global citizens. Focusing on sustainability aligns with this mission and equips students with competencies vital for the future. Additionally, sustainable practices in educational institutions can lead to cost savings, creating a win-win situation for both the environment and the institution. On the importance of schools to follow environmentally friendly practices, Mamta Shekhawat, Founder, Gradding.com said, “To make the entire environment sustainable, schools should provide quality education. Schools should teach everyone that to secure the future generation & their needs, the current generation must meet all their requirements with eco-friendly methods. There must be suitable lessons present in the curriculum by which students know the importance of a healthy environment. That is how education plays a huge role in making environment healthier.”
Today’s younger generations are increasingly vocal about environmental concerns. They aspire for an eco-friendly world and demand action on climate change. Children and adolescents engage in self-reflection about their actions and contemplate how the broader community can contribute to sustainable development. This burgeoning eco-consciousness is a powerful force that educational institutions can harness to effect positive change. By integrating sustainability into the curriculum and school culture, educators can nurture this innate desire for a greener planet.
Educational Institutions can embark on various initiatives to promote sustainability effectively. These include:
- Curricular Integration: Incorporate environmental education across subjects to provide students with a holistic understanding of sustainability issues.
- Green Infrastructure: Develop sustainable school facilities, incorporating features like solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and green spaces.
- Waste Management Programs: Implement recycling and composting programs to reduce waste and educate students about responsible disposal.
- Student Engagement: Encourage student-led eco-clubs or initiatives that empower young minds to drive sustainability efforts.
- Community Involvement: Extend sustainability practices beyond the school gates by involving parents and the local community.
“Create opportunities for students to engage in practical, hands-on learning environmental projects. As Maldives is facing serious issues related to seagrass restoration. Therefore, our students have established a small seagrass nursery at the school and have been successfully restoring the seagrass since March 2023. I strongly believe by integrating these strategies, schools can not only educate students about environmental responsibility but also serve as role models for sustainable practices.” Said Mohsina Mirza, Principal, Billabong High International School, Maldives.
The imperative for sustainable school practices in nurturing environmental health cannot be overstated. Educational institutions have a pivotal role to play in reducing the carbon footprint, addressing wastage, and fostering environmental health, particularly in the context of India’s unique environmental challenges. By embracing sustainability, educational institutions prepare students for a future where responsible environmental stewardship is not an option but a necessity. These commendable efforts by educational institutions not only reduce their environmental impact but also serve as inspiring examples for the broader community. On World Environmental Health Day 2023, let us reaffirm our commitment to the planet and recognize the profound influence that educational institutions can wield in shaping a brighter, greener future
GD Goenka University is excited to introduce the inaugural Gayatri Devi Goenka Memorial Shooting Championship, a remarkable event that underscores the university’s unwavering commitment to nurturing sports excellence and paying tribute to the exceptional sharpshooters from all corners of India. Set to be held from September 26 to September 29, 2023, at the GD Goenka Shooting Range featuring 25 professional lanes, this championship is poised to become one of the nation’s most prestigious shooting competitions and will be conducted using Electronic Scoring Target System (EST).
This championship serves as a testament to promoting sportsmanship and fostering the talents of both emerging and seasoned shooters. With participation from over 500 competitors hailing from across India, the event promises to be a grand spectacle, celebrating the passion and precision of shooters who have honed their craft to perfection.
Notably, this championship holds particular significance as it pays homage to Abhinav Bindra, India’s first individual Olympic gold medalist. The GD Goenka Shooting Range, dedicated in his honor in 2022, stands as a guiding light for aspiring shooters, offering world-class facilities and expert guidance to nurture their talents.
During the inauguration, Abhinav Bindra expressed his thoughts, stating, “I extend my heartfelt congratulations to GD Goenka for the remarkable facilities they have established and the emphasis they place on sports across their educational institutions. I am confident that the students will achieve remarkable success in various tournaments, but more importantly, they will imbibe the values that sports instill in us.”
Nipun Goenka, Managing Director of GD Goenka Group, aptly remarked, “The Gayatri Devi Goenka Memorial Shooting Championship transcends mere competition; it’s a celebration of the essence of sportsmanship, camaraderie, and unwavering dedication. We take immense pride in providing a platform for India’s talented marksmen and markswomen to shine, and we firmly believe that this championship will serve as an inspiration to a new generation of shooting enthusiasts.”
In an exciting development for the education landscape in Bihar and beyond, Anand Kumar, the visionary behind the acclaimed Super-30 coaching institute, has unveiled his plans to establish a school in Patna, Bihar by 2025. This school aims to nurture students not only academically but also as well-rounded individuals with practical knowledge.
On this Teachers’ Day, Mr. Kumar announced to launch an enlightening eight-part series titled “The Anand Kumar Show” on a private news channel. This series will serve as a platform for Mr. Kumar to mentor and guide students preparing for various competitive examinations across the country.
“The first part of the series, debuting on Teacher’s Day, will tackle the pressing issue of students succumbing to the burden of high academic expectations, a problem tragically highlighted by recent student suicides in Kota, Rajasthan,” revealed Mr. Kumar.
Having recently garnered international recognition through a feature in a prominent Japanese business newspaper, Anand Kumar shared that he has long nurtured the idea of establishing a school. “By 2025, we will open this school in Bihar, the place of my birth and the origin of Super-30, which transformed my life. Our social media campaign for the school will commence next year,” he added.
Mr. Kumar envisions a school that departs from conventional educational norms, focusing on practical knowledge and hands-on learning. “This school will be distinct from traditional educational institutions in India. Students will engage in agricultural activities, carpentry, and other practical pursuits of their choice. The goal is to shape them into individuals well-prepared for real-life challenges, rather than turning them into mere bookworms,” he explained.
The Super-30 coaching institute launched in 2002, selects and trains 30 exceptionally talented students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds to excel in the Joint Entrance Engineering Examination (JEE). To date, it has produced over 218 successful candidates for the IIT entrance examination, with many securing admissions to other prestigious engineering colleges across the country.
He emphasized that the proposed school would serve as an extension of the Super-30 coaching institute, focusing extensively on the holistic development of students within natural surroundings. “My intention is to groom them into responsible and compassionate human beings,” he affirmed.
When asked about his choice of September 5 for the TV show’s launch, he shared, “This date was chosen to reach out to millions of students through the program. While I won’t be teaching them directly, I will motivate and inspire them by addressing various issues that concern them in different episodes of the program.”
Anand Kumar’s commitment to transforming education and empowering young minds continues to inspire, and these new initiatives are poised to make a significant impact on the educational landscape, not only in Bihar but throughout the nation. His vision for a holistic and practical approach to learning holds the promise of shaping a brighter future for generations to come.
Lights, Camera, Learn!
As we celebrate Teacher’s Day in the month of September, here are the list of films that featured some stories and teachers who left an indelible mark on the audience in cinema, showing the world how it only takes one teacher to inspire a million lives…
Dead Poet’s Society (1989): “Dead Poets Society” is an acclaimed drama film about an unconventional English teacher who inspires his students to embrace poetry, think independently, and seize the day. It explores the conflicts between personal aspirations and societal expectations, offering a thought-provoking exploration of individuality and the pursuit of dreams.
Where to watch- Disney + Hotstar
Directed by- Peter Weir
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969): “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie” is a captivating tale of a passionate and unconventional teacher who leaves an indelible mark on her students at an all-girls school in 1930s Edinburgh, empowering them to embrace their individuality, challenge societal norms, and strive for greatness in a world that seeks to confine them.
Where to watch- YouTube
Directed By- Ronal Neame
Stanley Ka Dabba (2011): “Stanley Ka Dabba” is a heartwarming film that tells the touching story of Stanley, a young boy with a vivid imagination, who faces adversity when his schoolmates try to steal his lunchbox (dabba) every day. With the compassionate guidance of his teacher, Stanley finds solace, resilience, and the power to overcome obstacles, showcasing the transformative impact of friendship, mentorship, and the indomitable spirit of childhood.
Where to watch- Disney+Hotstar
directed by- Amole Gupte
“A Beautiful Mind” (2001): A biographical film that chronicles the life of mathematician John Nash. The story explores Nash’s struggles with mental illness and the challenges he faces in differentiating between reality and hallucinations. Supported by his dedicated wife, Alicia, Nash perseveres and makes significant contributions to the field of mathematics.
Where to watch- Amazon Prime Video
Directed by- Ron Howard
English Vinglish (2012): A heartfelt film that revolves around the transformative journey of Shashi, a middle-aged Indian housewife who embarks on a trip to New York and enrolls in an English language course. With the guidance and encouragement of her patient and understanding teacher, Shashi not only improves her English-speaking skills but also discovers her self-worth, gaining confidence, and finding her voice in a world that underestimated her.
Where to watch- Jio Cinema
Directed by- Gauri Shinde
Black (2005): A film that explores the life of Michelle McNally, a visually and hearing-impaired girl, and her relationship with her teacher, Debraj Sahai. Through their unconventional bond, Debraj strives to break through the barriers of Michelle’s disabilities, guiding her towards education, communication, and self-discovery, ultimately illuminating the triumph of the human spirit and the power of perseverance.
Directed by- Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Super 30 (2019): “Super 30” is a film based on the true story of mathematician Anand Kumar. The movie depicts Anand’s journey as he establishes the “Super 30” program, where he selects talented but underprivileged students and trains them for the highly competitive Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) entrance exams. With his unconventional teaching methods and unwavering belief in his students’ potential, Anand empowers them to overcome social and economic barriers, offering them a chance at a brighter future. The film highlights the transformative impact of education, determination, and the power of dreams.
Where to watch: Disney + Hotstar
Directed By: Vikas Bahl
Taare Zameen Par (2007): ” A film that revolves around the story of Ishaan, a young boy with dyslexia, and his journey of self-discovery. When Ishaan’s struggles with academics and unconventional ways of learning go unnoticed by his family and teachers, a new art teacher enters his life. With his understanding and compassionate approach, the teacher helps Ishaan unlock his hidden potential, allowing him to thrive and shine in his own unique way. The film beautifully explores the importance of recognizing and nurturing the individual talents and strengths of every child.
Where to watch- Netflix
Directed by- Aamir Khan, Amole Gupte
Hichki (2018): “Hichki” is an uplifting film that tells the inspiring story of Naina Mathur, a woman with Tourette syndrome who dreams of becoming a teacher. Despite facing rejection and discrimination due to her condition, Naina secures a teaching job at an elite school. She takes on the challenge of teaching a class of unruly and privileged students, using her determination and unique teaching methods to break through their barriers and make a positive impact on their lives. “Hichki” portrays the power of perseverance, inclusivity, and the ability to overcome adversity.
Where to watch- Amazon Prime Videos
Directed by- Siddharth P. Malhotra
Parichay (1972): Ravi, a struggling job seeker, reluctantly accepts the daunting task of tutoring five unruly and privileged children who have managed to intimidate their previous teachers. As he navigates the challenges of teaching this challenging group, Ravi’s unwavering determination and unconventional teaching methods begin to transform not only the students but also his own life.
Where to watch- Zee5, YouTube
Directed by- Gulzar
Inspiration
The Many Faces of Learning: Understanding Different Learning Styles
In the case of learning styles, the belief that one-size-fits-all teaching methods are ineffective is not entirely unfounded
Once upon a time, in a world full of magical educational theories, there existed a belief so powerful that it transformed the way teachers taught and students learned. This belief was known as “learning styles,” and it dictated that every child possessed a unique way of grasping information – some were visual learners, others auditory, and a few even kinesthetic. Like an enchanting potion, it spread across the realm, enchanting educators and infiltrating lesson plans.
But, as with all powerful spells, the time came for learning styles to face the harsh light of scientific scrutiny. Spoiler alert: the magical potion turned out to be nothing more than snake oil. Allow me to unravel the tale of how learning styles were debunked, and how we discovered that the magic was, in fact, a mirage.
Our story begins in the land of academia, where researchers and scholars embarked on a quest to uncover the truth about learning styles. Their journey led them through a labyrinth of studies, experiments, and observations, all in search of evidence to support or debunk the popular theory. Like intrepid explorers, they persevered, determined to separate fact from fiction.
One such group of researchers, led by Harold Pashler, published a paper in 2008 that shook the foundation of learning styles. In their study, they searched for the holy grail of evidence: the presence of a “meshing effect.” This elusive phenomenon would prove that students who were taught in a manner consistent with their learning style would fare better than those who were not. But alas, the researchers found no such evidence. The holy grail remained undiscovered, and the myth of learning styles began to crumble.
Undeterred by this revelation, proponents of learning styles continued to argue that their beliefs held merit. But as the years went by, more and more studies emerged that further debunked the theory. A 2012 review by Paul A. Kirschner and Jeroen J.G. van Merriënboer compiled decades of research on learning styles and concluded that there was no scientific evidence to support the idea that teaching to individual learning styles improved educational outcomes. The once-magical potion was losing its lustre.
But why, you might ask, did learning styles become so popular in the first place? The answer lies in the human tendency to seek out patterns and explanations for complex phenomena. We are drawn to the idea that we can unlock the secrets of learning by simply identifying a person’s preferred style. This allure is akin to the seductive pull of astrology or personality tests – we crave the comfort of neatly labeled boxes that tell us who we are and how we function.
Sadly, this desire for simplicity often leads us astray. In the case of learning styles, the belief that one-size-fits-all teaching methods are ineffective is not entirely unfounded. We do, indeed, possess individual differences in how we process information. However, the leap from this truth to the idea that we should tailor instruction to specific learning styles is misguided. Science simply does not support it.
In reality, effective teaching and learning hinge on far more complex factors. Research has shown that employing a variety of instructional methods, engaging multiple senses, and incorporating active learning strategies are all key ingredients in the recipe for educational success. Instead of pigeonholing students into predefined learning styles, we should focus on cultivating an environment that fosters curiosity, critical thinking, and a love of learning.
As we bid farewell to the mythical realm of learning styles, let us not mourn the loss of a magical potion, but rather celebrate the opportunity to embrace a more nuanced and evidence-based approach to education. The spell may have been broken, but the quest for knowledge continues.
Author – Prashant Bhudwal, Founder, Medal, Bangalore
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